29. Many a luce in stew: many a pike in his fish-pond; in those Catholic days, when much fish was eaten, no gentleman’s mansion was complete without a “stew”. 30. Countour: Probably a steward or accountant in the county court. 31. Vavasour: A landholder of consequence; holding of a duke, marquis, or earl, and ranking below a baron. 32. On the dais: On the raised platform at the end of the hall, where sat at meat or in judgement those high in authority, rank or honour; in our days the worthy craftsmen might have been described as “good platform men”. 33. To take precedence over all in going to the evening service of the Church, or to festival meetings, to which it was the fashion to carry rich cloaks or mantles against the home- coming. 34. The things the cook could make: “marchand tart”, some now unknown ingredient used in cookery; “galingale,” sweet or long rooted cyprus; “mortrewes”, a rich soup made by stamping flesh in a mortar; “Blanc manger”, not what is now called blancmange; one part of it was the brawn of a capon. 35. Lodemanage: pilotage, from Anglo-Saxon “ladman,” a leader, guide, or pilot; hence “lodestar,” “lodestone.” 36. The authors mentioned here were the chief medical text- books of the middle ages. The names of Galen and Hippocrates were then usually spelt “Gallien” and “Hypocras” or “Ypocras”. 37. The west of England, especially around Bath, was the seat of the cloth-manufacture, as were Ypres and Ghent (Gaunt) in Flanders. 38. Chaucer here satirises the fashion of the time, which piled bulky and heavy waddings on ladies’ heads. 39. Moist; here used in the sense of “new”, as in Latin, “mustum” signifies new wine; and elsewhere Chaucer speaks of “moisty ale”, as opposed to “old”. 40. In Galice at Saint James: at the shrine of St Jago of Compostella in Spain. 41. Gat-toothed: Buck-toothed; goat-toothed, to signify her wantonness; or gap-toothed — with gaps between her teeth. 42. An endowment to sing masses for the soul of the donor. 43. A ram was the usual prize at wrestling matches. 44. Cop: Head; German, “Kopf”. 45. Nose-thirles: nostrils; from the Anglo-Saxon, “thirlian,” to pierce; hence the word “drill,” to bore. 46. Goliardais: a babbler and a buffoon; Golias was the founder of a jovial sect called by his name. 47. The proverb says that every honest miller has a thumb of gold; probably Chaucer means that this one was as honest as his brethren. 48. A Manciple — Latin, “manceps,” a purchaser or contractor - - was an officer charged with the purchase of victuals for inns of court or colleges. 49. Reeve: A land-steward; still called “grieve” — Anglo-Saxon, “gerefa” in some parts of Scotland. 50. Sompnour: summoner; an apparitor, who cited delinquents to appear in ecclesiastical courts. 51. Questio quid juris: “I ask which law (applies)”; a cant law- Latin phrase. 52 Harlot: a low, ribald fellow; the word was used of both sexes; it comes from the Anglo-Saxon verb to hire.