Transcriber’s Notes Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Variations in hyphenation have been standardised but all other spelling, punctuation and accents remains unchanged. Italics are represented thus _italic_, bold thus =bold=. A reference to Monism as “destructive of culture, etc.” in the index to page 450, which does not exist, has been changed to 350. The repetition of section titles on consecutive pages has been removed. THE CASE AGAINST EVOLUTION [publisher’s monogram] THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO · DALLAS ATLANTA · SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO THE CASE AGAINST EVOLUTION BY GEORGE BARRY O’TOOLE, PH. D., S.T.D. PROFESSOR OF THEOLOGY AND PROFESSOR EMERITUS OF PHILOSOPHY, ST. VINCENT ARCHABBEY; PROFESSOR OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY, SETON HILL COLLEGE New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1926 _All rights reserved_ COPYRIGHT, 1925, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published April, 1925. Reprinted February, 1926. _Printed in the United States of America by_ J. J. LITTLE AND IVES COMPANY, NEW YORK TO MY MOTHER ADDENDA NOTE TO PAGE 23.— As a result of recent investigations on the sex chromosomes and chromosome numbers in mammals, Theophilus S. Painter reaches the conclusions that polyploidy cannot be invoked to explain evolution within this class. After giving a table of chromosome numbers for 7 out of the 9 eutherian orders, Painter concludes: “The facts recorded above are of especial interest in that they indicate a unity of chromosome composition above the marsupial level and effectively dispose of the suggestion that extensive polyploidy may have occurred within this subclass.