A fourth possibility is suggested by the case of the so-called skull of the Galley Hill Man, of whose importance as a prehistoric link Sir Arthur Keith held a very high opinion, but which has since turned out to be no skull at all, but merely an odd-shaped piece of stone. CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD xi PART I—EVOLUTION IN GENERAL CHAPTER I THE PRESENT CRISIS IN EVOLUTIONARY THOUGHT 1 II HOMOLOGY AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY INTERPRETATION 31 III FOSSIL PEDIGREES 66 PART II—THE PROBLEM OF ORIGINS I THE ORIGIN OF LIFE 131 II THE ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN SOUL 189 III THE ORIGIN OF THE HUMAN BODY 268 AFTERWORD 349 GLOSSARY INDEX TO AUTHORS INDEX OF SUBJECTS FOREWORD The literature on the subject of evolution has already attained such vast dimensions that any attempt to add to it has the appearance of being both superfluous and presumptuous. It is, however, in the fact that the generality of modern works are frankly partisan in their treatment of this theme that the publication of the present work finds justification. For the philosophers and scientists of the day evolution is evidently something which admits of no debate and which must be maintained at all costs. These thinkers are too intent upon making out a plausible case for the theory to take anything more than the mildest interest in the facts opposed to it. If they advert to them at all, it is always to minimize, and never to accentuate, their antagonistic force. For the moment, at any rate, the minds of scientific writers are closed to unfavorable, and open only to favorable, evidence, so that one must look elsewhere than in their pages for adequate presentation of the case against evolution. The present work aims at setting forth the side of the question which it is now the fashion to suppress. It refuses to be bound by the convention which prescribes that evolution shall be leniently criticized. It proceeds, in fact, upon the opposite assumption, namely, that a genuinely scientific theory ought not to stand in need of indulgence, but should be able, on the contrary, to endure the acid test of merciless criticism.