Canalization, 265 Carbohydrates, 145, 148; production of, by plants, 145-148—not a synthesis, 146-148—analogous to process in animals, 146, 147 Carbon dioxide, 145-147 Carboniferous, 73, 92, 115, 118; Lower, 92; Upper, 115 Carnivora, 271 Catarrhine monkeys, 287 Catastrophes, 72, 182; cosmic, 182 Catastophism, 67, 68, 98, 312; new, 98 Caterpillar, 260, 264 Cats, 284 Causation, active and efficient, 171, 172 Cave rat, 307 Caves, 335, 336; of France and Spain, 335, 336; of Spain, 336 Cell-division, 59, 137, 138, 139, 155, 162, 163 Cell, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 155, 165, 168, 202, 301; definition of, 137; a multimolecule, 165; cannot originate through exclusive agency of physicochemical energies, 142; fundamental unit of organization, 136; germ, 156; simplest of organic units capable of independent existence, 138; simplest of organisms, 147; somatic, 156; submicroscopical components of, 141; simplest form of organic life, 142; vital, 142; sperm, 137 Cell Theory, 136 Cellular continuity, 137, 141; Fifth article of, 141; Law of, 141 Centaur, constellation of, 184 Centers, sensory and motor, 251 Central neurones, 213, 222; purpose of, 222 Centrioles, 140 Cephalic index, 329 Ceratites, 86 Ceratodus, 119 Cerebral cortex, 206, 213, 221, 222 Cerebral neurones, 222; an extended receptor not proportioned to dematerialized abstract objects, 222 Cerebrospinal system, 213 Certainty, 124, 125; based on objective necessity, 124; scientific, 125 Ceylon, 315 Chain-reflex, 250, 252 Chaldea, 337, 340 Chalk, 79, 86 Chance, 11, 151-154; impotent to produce effect so complicatedly telic as an organism, 151; its efficacy and impotence, 151-154 Change, adaptive, 53 _note_; germinal, 42, 43, 68, 307; kinds of, 42; somatic, 68; specific, 7, 23, 68, 88, 89, 307; varietal, 7, 68, 88 Characters (somatic or external), 5, 6, 17, 18, 41, 62, 63, 87, 88, 121, 122, 278, 306, 334; definition of, 41; duplication and suppression of, 306; embryonic not derived from adult, 278; homologous and adaptational, 62, 63, 121 —distinction has no experimental basis, 62; “inherited” and “acquired,” 41 Chapelle-aux-Saintes, 288, 331; Cave of, remains, 331; remains, 228 Chela, 61, 261; of lobster and African scorpion, 61 Chemical analysis, 143, 144, 216; destroys life, 143, 144 Chemical synthesis of living matter possible, 142, 144 Chemist, 151; guiding intelligence of need in synthesis of organic compounds, 151; necessity of regulation, 151 Chemistry, 142, 350; physical, 142