Solemn burial, 331, 332, 343; most ancient instances, 332 Solutreans, 333 Soma, 13, 59, 303 Somatella, 59 Somatic cells, 13, 14, 17, 136, 156, 163 Somites, 280 Sophism, Comte’s like that of Zeno, 226 Soul, 172, 179, 193, 194, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 209, 210, 211, 216, 268, 311, 350, 361; definition of, 200; a “formative power” and “integrating” and unifying principle, 200, 211; a vital entelechy, 210; as revealed in biology and psychology, 205; consubstantial with matter, 202; differs in kind, not merely in degree from bestial soul, 194; discarded by Descartes, 197; discarded by scientific psychology, 359; formal principle of life, 203; functional, 203, 206, 209 —cannot be primary principle of life, 206; name, not reality of, rejected, 200; not a complete entity, 201; primary ground of life, 206; rejected in dynamic, not in entitive sense, 200, 201; spiritual, not a product of evolution, 193, 216, 268 —originates by a creative act, 193, 268; subject of psychology, 197; subsistent in man, 202; substantial, 203, 209; term alleged to be meaningless, 200 Specialism, advantages and disadvantages of, 189 Species, 3, 4, 5, 6, 17, 19, 26, 37, 38, 74, 75, 78, 80, 83, 84, 86, 87, 110, 111, 112, 119, 120-123, 131, 157, 256, 257, 312, 313, 320, 334, 342; definition of, 4; change of, 4, 6; differentiation and multiplication of, 131; difficulty of distinguishing, 120-123; elementary, 17; extinct and extant, 120-123, 334; extinct, precarious basis for time-scale, 334; formation as contrasted with transformation of, 74, 75, 131; fossil, 3, 4, 83, 92, 120, 122, 312, 313; intermediate, absence of, 80, 83, 84, 334; intersterility of, 4, 5, 26, 38; only one human, 342; persistent, 123; syngamy, an essential requisite of, 5 Species-by-species method, 87 Spectral analysis of constitution of sun, 216 Spectroscope, 144 Speech, bestial, 245, 246 Sperm, 156, 158, 159, 160; activation by means of, 159 Spermists, 160 Sphex gryphus (Sm), 261 Spiders, 257 Spiral cleavage, 278 Spirit, 194, 311; definition of, 194 Spiritual, 206 Spiritualism, 202, 230, 231; Aristotelian, 230, 231 —admits direct dependence of lower psychic functions on organism, 230 —admits indirect dependence of higher psychic functions upon organism, 231; Cartesian, 230; destroyed by facts of physiological psychology, 230; hylomorphic, 202; of Aristotle, 202; psychophysical of Descartes, 202, 203 Spirituality, 203, 351; excludes co-agency of organism, 203; of human soul, 351 Spiritual representations, 221 Spleen, 301 Splitters, 37