Splitting, 121 Spontaneous generation, 131, 132, 133, 136, 142, 148, 149, 167, 179, 182, 185, 186; defined, 131-133; antiquity of, 133; old and new exception of, 167; philosophical “proof” of, 185 Spontogenesis, an outlawed hypothesis, 164 Spores, 134, 136, 156, 181; bacterial, 181 Sporulation, 156, 157 Springopora, 118 Spy, 329, 330, 333; bones, 329; crania, capacity underestimated, 330 Spy remains, 319, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 332; skeletons of No. 1 and No. 2, 327 Squatting, a habit of savage races, 328 Squirrel, 260 Starfish, 140, 154, 382; egg of, 140; symmetry of, 154 States, 203, 208; conscious or psychic, 203, 208; mental, active and passive, 208; of matter, not more real, 203 Statistics, moral, 361 Stems, 160 Stentor, 174 Sterility, interspecific, 5, 21, 38 Sterilization, 134, 135 Stimulators, 243 Stimulus, 227, 228 Stizus ruficornis, 247 Stock, 310, 311; hylobatic and troglodyte, 310, 311; pithecoid, 311 Stone implements, 329, 331, 334, 340, 342; characteristic, unsafe basis for time-scale, 334 Stratification, 102; scheme of, universal, 102; synchronous deposition of, different in mineral content, 102 Stratigraphers, 106 Stratigraphic, 101, 102, 107; continuity, 101; facts, 107; horizons, 101; sequence, 101 —invariable order of, 102 Stratigraphy, 93 Strata, 66, 83, 87, 92-96, 102, 103,108, 109, 116, 119, 120, 125; classification of, 103; concrete sequence of, 109; dated by fossils and fossils by strata, 94; fossiliferous, 92, 96, 102, 109, 116, 119 —classification of, 119 —European classification of, 102; how characterized, 96; intervening, skipped, 120; mineral, 102; substitution of fossiliferous for lithological, 103; substitution of fossiliferous for mineral, 103; wrong order of, 108; “younger” and “older,” 108, 116 Strontium, isotopes of, 173 Structures, 122, 284; constant and adaptive, 122; distinction influenced by personal equation, 122; embryonic, undifferentiated, 284; homologous and adaptive, 122 Struggles for existence, 291 Sturgeons, 119 Sub-archæan beginnings of life impenetrable, 126 Subject, 205, 207, 208; abiding, of our thoughts, feelings and desires, 205; active, 208; of thought, active, 207 Subjective abstractions, phenomenalist objectivation of, 209 Subjectless thought, an abstraction, 209 Submicron, 140, 183 _note_ Submicroscopic dimensions, no obstacle to manifestation of vital phenomena, 170 Submicroscopic organisms show genetic continuity, reproductiveness and typical vital power, 169, 170 Subspecies, 334, 342 Substages, 96, 103