Professor Jacks remarked in a recent address[9] that the whole problem of Spiritualism is largely centred in the “controls.” The “control” professes to be the spirit of some departed person, which has taken possession of the entranced medium, and which causes the medium to speak or write in an abnormal manner. Sir Oliver Lodge writes of “a separate intelligence ... which some think must be a secondary personality--which indeed certainly _is_ a secondary personality of the medium.”[10] Elsewhere he states very clearly the divergence of view among psychical students with regard to this mysterious entity. “This personality,” he says, “is believed by some to be merely the subliminal self of the entranced person, brought to the surface, or liberated and dramatised into a sort of dream existence, for the time.” Others think we have here a case of dual or multiple personality, while a third section believe it to be in reality the separate intelligence it claims to be.[11] I It is hardly surprising that Spiritualists should differ among themselves as to the nature of the controls, for some of these controls are very curious people. Let us consider, for instance, the group which appears in “Raymond.” One of the most active is “Moonstone,” who tells inquirers that he was a Yogi, who lived as a hermit on earth, “a good life, but a selfish one.” He now desires to help humanity, “and so that is why I came back to my Medie, and try to bear through him the sorrows of the world.” Another control is “Redfeather,” who is apparently of North American Indian origin, though this is not distinctly stated. At one point the spirit of the supposed Raymond says, “Chap with red feather helping.”[12] “Redfeather” remarks when first taking command, “I come dis little minute to try experiment. If we succeed, all right; if we don’t, don’t mind.... Who could help better than me?... Long ago I was killed.”[13] To relieve the tension of a strongly emotional scene which follows, an old Irishwoman named Biddy takes control. She begins: “Sure it’s meself that has come to speak. Here’s another mother.... I come to help to soothe the nerves of the medium.... I was a washer-woman, and lived next a church, and they say cleanliness comes next to godliness! One of my chains is to help mothers.” Most singular of all the controls in “Raymond” is the Oriental girl “Feda,” who in her broken language talks of “Yaymond,” and pronounces three-syllabled words in a careful and drawn-out manner. The controls, as Dr. Jacks says, are often remote people, and he mentions the case of an Egyptian priest belonging to the time of one of the Pharaohs.