The Catacombs of Rome, and Their Testimony Relative to Primitive ChristianityWithrow, W. H. (William Henry)
History
The Catacombs of Rome, and Their Testimony Relative to Primitive Christianity
Withrow, W. H. (William Henry)
Catacombs -- Italy -- Rome; Church history -- Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600
More frequently the figures had reference to the trade or occupation
of the deceased, as in the following epitaph, probably of a
wool-comber, found by Dr. Maitland built into the wall of the Piazzo
di Spagna, in Rome. Many important funeral tablets, both Christian and
pagan, have been thus employed for the commonest purposes. The objects 231
in the engraving are probably the shears, comb, ladle, and an unknown
instrument used for cleansing wool.
[Illustration:
“To Veneria, in peace.”
Fig. 36.--Wool-Comber’s Implements.]
The following, from the Lapidarian Gallery, indicates the trade of a
carpenter. The saw and adz are very like those now employed:
BAVTO ET MAXIMA SE VIVI
FECERVNT.
[Illustration: [Transcriber’s Note: carpenter’s tools]
“To Bautus and Maxima. They made this during their lifetime.”
Fig. 37.--Carpenter’s Tools.]
On another slab is a figure, probably of a vine-dresser, in a short 232
Roman tunic, standing near a wine cask, the symbol of his occupation.
He appears to be starting to the field with his mattock on his
shoulder, and in his hand is a wallet containing, perhaps, the
provision for the day.
GAVDENTIO FECERVM FRATRI
QVI VICSIC ANNIS XXVIII · M · VIII · D · XVII
[Illustration:
“To Gaudentius. His brothers made this. He lived twenty-eight
years, eight months, seventeen days.”
Fig. 38.--A Vine-Dresser’s Tomb.]
In the Catacomb of St. Agnes is a fresco of husbandmen carrying a wine
butt on their shoulders, the meaning of which is probably the same.
Mr. Hemans rather fantastically interprets this symbol as implying
concord, or the union of the faithful bound together by sacred ties,
as the staves of the cask are by its hoops.[362] Maitland translates
it as standing for a proper name. We have seen examples representing
fossors at work,[363] and Fabretti figures the slab of a sculptor,
exhibiting the manufacture of sarcophagi. Other examples occur, in
which the fuller’s tomb is indicated by mallets, the shoemaker’s by 233
shoes or lasts, the baker’s by loaves, the wood-feller’s by an axe,
the grocer’s by scales, and the like, although the meaning of some of
these figures is questioned. Didron, however, presses this
interpretation of these symbols much too far, making the dove, fish,
anchor, and sheep, only the emblems of the occupation of the fowler,
fisherman, sailor, and shepherd, respectively, thus doing violence to
the acknowledged canons of epigraphic criticism to be presently
indicated.[364]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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