The Catholic World, Vol. 19, April 1874‐September 1874Various
Religion
The Catholic World, Vol. 19, April 1874‐September 1874
Various
Catholic Church -- Periodicals
We have said that every accident which is received in a subject and
inheres in it must be produced by the action of some agent; and this being
the case, it follows that the quantity of the mass of a body, and the
quantity of its volume, which are not the product of action, cannot be
ranked among the accidents received and inhering in the body; and
generally all the accidental modes which arise in the subject, in
consequence of the reception of accidental acts, are intrinsic modes
indeed, but are not received, and do not properly _inhere_ in their
subject; they only _result_ in the subject. Moreover, as all such
intrinsic modes immediately arise from the intrinsic reception of
accidental acts, it follows that those accidental modes which do not arise
in this manner must be _extrinsic_; and therefore such modes, though they
are predicated of their subject, do not inhere in the subject, but only in
a certain manner _adhere_ to it. All accidental connotations and
relativities belong to this last class.
Hence we gather that predicamental accidents are of different species, and
accordingly demand distinct definitions. The accidental act, or accident
strictly, is an act received in the subject and inhering in it; the
intrinsic mode is an accidental actuality or modification resulting in the
subject; the extrinsic mode is a simple connotation or respect arising
between the subject and some correlative term. Accordingly, accidental
being in general cannot be defined as “that which inheres in a
subject”—_quod inhæret alteri tamquam subjecto_—for this definition does
not embrace all accidentalities, but should be defined as “that which
clings to a subject”—_quod innititur alteri tamquam subjecto_, the phrase
“to cling to” being understood in a most general sense. This last
definition covers all the ground of predicamental accidentalities; for it
is, in fact, applicable to all accidental acts, intrinsic modes of being,
and extrinsic connotations.
For the same reason, the subject is not to be defined as “that which
receives within itself an accidental entity,” but as “that to which an
accidental entity belongs,” and, taking the word “subject” in its most
general sense, we may also define it, as Aristotle did, to be “that of
which anything is predicated.” It is only by this last definition that we
can explain the general practice of predicating of everything, not only
its accidentalities, but also its attributes and essential properties.
Such predications would be impossible, if the notion of subject were
restricted to that which receives on itself accidental entities; for
attributes are not accidents, and are not received in their subject, but
spring forth from its very essence, as we are going presently to show.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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