The Catholic World, Vol. 19, April 1874‐September 1874Various
Religion
The Catholic World, Vol. 19, April 1874‐September 1874
Various
Catholic Church -- Periodicals
When the thing predicated of any subject is an accidental act, then its
subject is _a subject of inhesion_. When the thing predicated is an
intrinsic mode, no matter whether essential, substantial, or accidental,
then its subject is _a subject of attribution_. And when the thing
predicated is only a connotation or a respect (_modus se habendi ad
aliud_), then its subject is _a subject of mere predication_.
As we have stated that natural accidents cannot exist without a subject,
the reader may desire to know how we can account for the accidents which,
in the Holy Eucharist, exist without their substances. As a lengthy
discussion of this philosophico‐theological question would be here quite
out of place, we will content ourselves with remarking that the
Eucharistic species of bread, as described by S. Thomas and by the ancient
scholastics, is not a natural and predicamental accident; and that,
therefore, many things may be possible with the Eucharistic species which
are not possible with natural accidents. It is not true, in fact, what
some have maintained, that in the Holy Eucharist _each_ of the accidents
of bread exists without any subject. Theologians acknowledge that the
quantity of the bread fulfils the duty of subject with regard to all the
other accidents, and consequently that all the other accidents, after the
consecration as before, cling to quantity. There is no need, therefore, of
assuming color without a subject, or figure without a subject, or weight
without a subject. This would simply mean color of nothing, figure of
nothing, weight of nothing; which is not a miracle, but an absurdity. To
account for the sacramental species, theologians need only to show that
the _quantity_ of the bread can exist miraculously without the substance
of the bread. This is the only accident which remains without any subject
whatever; for the Sacred Body, which _ad modum substantiæ_—that is,
substantively, replaces the substance of the bread—is indeed under that
quantity, but it is not affected nor modified by it, and therefore cannot
be called its _subject_ in the ordinary sense of the word, though some
writers have called it a _sacramental subject_.
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