Standard Arithmetic. No. II., 288 Sunday-School Teacher’s Manual, 575 Suppression of the Society of Jesus in the 429 Portuguese Dominions, History of the, Surly Tim, 574 The Beginnings of Christianity, 425 The Fall of Rora, 431 The Life of Pope Pius IX., 135 Vesper Hymn-Book, The New, 573 What Catholics Do Not Believe, 719 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ THE CATHOLIC WORLD. VOL. XXVI., No. 151.—OCTOBER, 1877. THE OUTLOOK IN ITALY. I.—WHAT IS THE MEANING OF RECENT EVENTS IN ITALY? The revolutionary movement in Italy headed by Victor Emanuel has, step by step, trampled under foot every principle of religion, morality, and justice that stood between it and its goal. No pretext of the welfare of a people, even when based on truth, can ever make perfidy and treachery lawful, or furnish a covering of texture thick enough to hide from intelligent and upright minds so long and black a list of misdeeds as the Piedmontese subjugation of Southern Italy contains. “All iniquity of nations is execrable.” What is more, the catalogue of the crimes of this revolution is by no means filled, and, what is worse, the future forebodes others which, in their enormity, will cast those of its beginning into the shade. That the natural desire for unity among the Italian people might have been realized by proper and just means, had the religious, intelligent, and influential classes exerted themselves as they were in duty bound to do, there is little room for reasonable doubt. For it would be an unpleasant thing to admit that civilized society, after the action of nineteen centuries of Christianity, could find no way to satisfy a legitimate aspiration, except by a process involving the violation and subversion of those principles of justice, right, and religion for the maintenance and security of which human society is organized and established. It is indeed strange to see the Latin races, which accepted so thoroughly and for so long a period the true Christian faith, now everywhere subject to violent and revolutionary changes in their political condition. How is this to be reconciled with the fact that Christianity, in response to the primitive instincts of human nature, and in consonance with the laws which govern the whole universe, aims at, and actually brings about when followed, the greatest happiness of man upon earth while securing his perfect bliss hereafter? For so runs the promise of the divine Founder of