As examples of the character of the expurgations which find place in the Spanish Indexes may be cited the following: Sotomayor orders the cancellation, in bibliographies or other works of reference, of the following terms when applied to names of writers standing in the general Index in Class I: _vir optimus, pius, bonae memoriae, doctissimus sapientissimus, princeps eruditorum, divinus (Scaliger), Germaniae lumen (Melanchthon), decus saeculi nostri, etc._ It is however permitted to describe Buchanan as a “poet of elegance,” Henricus Stephanus as “learned in Greek scholarship,” Tycho Brahe as “a distinguished mathematician and astronomer”; because the attainments so indicated are the gift of God and have not been utilised, at least directly, against the true faith. The Spanish editor goes on to say, that such titles as doctor and _magister_ can, strictly speaking, properly be ascribed to no one outside of the Church; the reference is to cases in which these titles have been given by heretical universities whose authority is not recognised by the Church. The title _Dominus_ can however be permitted. The expurgatory lists of Sotomayor include the title of the _Vitae Germanorum_ of Adams; the expurgations comprise thirteen folio sheets. There are certain interpolations comprising such terms as _notam auctoris damnati_ or _homo damnatae memoriae_, etc. In the _Bibliographica critica_, of Michael Josephus, published in Madrid in 1740, the author says in his introduction: “In the specification of works of heretics I have taken pains to avoid using any terms of commendation; for it is certainly not right that infamous persons who have fallen away from the true Catholic faith should in any fashion be honoured. Certain Catholic writers have on the other hand contended that heretical authors whose work had been devoted to subjects outside of theology or religion, such for instance as philology, geography, profane history, jurisprudence, and the like, could very properly be commended for their contributions to learning. To this suggestion I should respond that I am prepared to recognise the possibility of heretics possessing learning and talents, and that certain heretics have written on certain subjects works which may be of use to Catholics; but it seems to me entirely improper to give any measure of praise to such men who have failed to use for the support of the true faith the abilities with which they have been endowed by the Lord. They can receive enough praise from their heretical friends and it would tend to make them intellectually insolent to learn that they had been honoured also by Catholics.” _8._ _1664._ _Rome._ _Alexander VII._ The Index of Alexander, which in chronological order belongs at this point in the schedule, is considered separately in Chapter XIII. _9._ _1707._ _Madrid._ _Index Prohibitorius et Expurgatorius._