The _Augustinus seu doctrina S. Augustini de humanae naturae sanitate, aegritudine et medicina, adversus Pelagianas et Massilienses_, was published in 1640, in three volumes folio. The first is devoted to a historical exposition of the Pelagian and Massilian (semi-Pelagian) heresies; the second sets forth the Augustinian doctrine as to the state of innocence and the fallen state; while the third treats, in ten books, of the grace of Christ. The sting of the work is to be found in the epilogue, which draws a parallel in various particulars between the errors of the Massilians and those _recentiorum quorumdam_, the reference being to the Jesuits. In 1641, the book was prohibited by the Inquisition, but no opinion was pronounced as to its doctrine, and the answering treatises of the Jesuits were also condemned. In March, 1642, a Bull of Urban VIII confirms this decree of the Inquisition in spite of the continued pressure on the part of the divines of Louvain to secure a modification of the original judgment. In 1643, Urban VIII published the Bull _In eminenti_, renewing and confirming the constitutions of Pius V and Gregory XIII and the decree of Paul V, and forbidding the reading of the _Augustinus_. The publication of this Bull resulted in the production by Arnauld, in 1644 and in 1645, of _Apologies for Jansen_, and was also the text for the famous _Provincial Letters_ of Pascal, which appeared in 1656. In 1651, eighty-five French bishops made representations in Rome calling for the specific condemnation of five propositions contained in the treatise of Jansen. A statement was made a little later by certain other bishops pointing out that the propositions in question were open to a different interpretation from that named in the original complaint. The matter was referred to a special congregation of four cardinals, by whom it was again referred to a commission of thirteen theologians selected by the Inquisition. This second commission gave permission to the two parties to submit, in writing or in person, further arguments in regard to the matter at issue. In May, 1653, Innocent X condemned, in a Bull, the five propositions. The text of the five propositions is as follows: 1. There are some commandments of God which just men, although willing and anxious to obey them, are unable with the strength they have to fulfil, and the grace by which they might fulfil them is also wanting. 2. In the state of fallen nature, inward grace is never resisted. 3. In the fallen state, merit and demerit do not depend on a liberty which excludes necessity, but on a liberty which excludes constraint. 4. The semi-Pelagians admitted the necessity of an inward prevenient grace for the performance of each particular act, and also for the first act of faith, and yet were heretical inasmuch as they maintained that this grace was of such a nature that the will of man was able either to resist or to obey it.