The Bishop Gapi, in 1711, prohibits the entire work on the ground that a number of dogmas and disciplinary articles were considered in it in a Jansenist or even a Protestant sense. The prohibitions had the effect, as was usually the case, of increasing the repute and the circulation of the work, which was repeatedly reprinted. A treatise by Antoine Arnauld on frequent communion, published in 1643, was promptly denounced by the Inquisition although it had secured the approval of the French bishops. In 1645, the Abbé Bourgois succeeded in securing a cancellation of the judgment of the Inquisition. A century later, a Jesuit reply to Arnauld’s treatise, written by Pichon, came into the Index. In 1647, the Inquisition prohibited a volume by Martin de Bircos written in support of the doctrines presented by Arnauld. Martin speaks of the Apostles Peter and Paul as the “two leaders” of the early Church, which constituted the chief ground for the condemnation of the book, the authorities maintaining that the subordination of Paul to Peter was the only sound doctrine. Since the time of Benedict XIV, a general prohibition stands in the _Decreta Gen._ under the term _libri_, of all writings maintaining any opinion adverse to the supremacy of Peter. _Controversies Connected with the Jansenist Contests._ During the 17th century, were prohibited a number of writings appearing outside of France and the Netherlands, which, while not classed directly as Jansenist, were concerned with the doctrine of Grace. In 1673, a treatise by the Augustine Noris (who was made a cardinal in 1695, and who died in 1704) on Pelagianism and the doctrine of Grace, was repeatedly condemned by the Jesuits and the Franciscans as containing Jansenist heresies. The volume was brought to Rome for investigation three times, and each time was declared to be sound in its orthodoxy. A number of other works which were denounced before the Roman authorities by the Jesuit leaders, on the ground of containing Jansenist heresies, the Congregation refused to condemn. The authors were in large part Dominicans and Augustinians who had brought into print the traditionary doctrine of Grace as taught in their own schools. Cardinal Bona complained that during these years every one who was not a Molinist was denounced by the Jesuits as a Jansenist. The Spanish Dominican, Gonzalez de Rosende, and the French Oratorian Jeunin, are the only theologians of note who come into the Roman Index during this period. The Congregation condemned, in 1722, a censure of the faculty of Douay in which the Dominicans, Contenso and Massoulié, had been accused of being Jansenists. The edition of the work of St. Augustine, edited by the Benedictines of St. Maur, was accused of being tainted with Jansenism, but the work succeeded in securing the approval of the Roman authorities. In 1704, a brief of Clement XI condemned a volume by Launoy, printed after the author’s death, in which the Augustinian