evidently not influenced by the liberal views of Pope Leo. _1517._ _Leo X_, in a special brief written by Sadoletus, condemns the _Epistolae Obscurorum Virorum_. The _Epistolae_ first find place, however, in the Index in 1590. _1521._ When the authorities of the Roman Church and the Catholic princes of Europe had become thoroughly aroused and alarmed by the development of Protestantism, the famous contract was entered into between Leo and the Emperor Charles V which was to repress the Reformation. One of the most important provisions in this contract had to do with the control of the press and placed at the disposal of the ecclesiastical censors the full measure of the imperial authority. With the publication of the Edict of Worms, we have the beginning of a general imperial censorship for Germany. From this time the Church and the State (or at least the Catholic portion of the State,) worked together against the freedom of the press, freedom which involved not only heresy against orthodoxy, but treason against the State. About 1520, Nicholas Eymeric brought into print in Venice, under the title of _Directorium Inquisitorium_, a list of books classed as heretical. It does not appear under what authority this classification, or condemnation, had been arrived at, but the list proved of importance in the history of the Index, as the titles collected by Eymeric were utilised for the famous catalogue of Lutzenberg, which itself served as the basis for the Louvain Index of 1546. The Lutzenberg titles were also in large part copied by the compiler of the Index of Paul IV. No copy of the original issue of Eymeric’s _Directorium_ appears to have been preserved. The work is known through the reprint issued in Venice in 1607, with the commentary by Franciscus Pegna. The catalogue of Bernard Lutzenburg was printed in Cologne in 1520, under the title of _Catalogus Haereticorum_. =2. Regulations in England in Regard to Book-Production and Censorship, 1526–1555.=--During the years covering the reign of Henry VIII, a series of royal edicts were issued for the regulation of heretical publications. The larger part of these edicts were framed in consultation with the convocation of bishops. Regulations issued under the sole authority of the bishops occur only after the rise of Lutheranism. _1521._ _Wareham, Archbishop of Canterbury_, writes to Cardinal Wolsey asking that the names of the associates of Luther might be sent to the University of Oxford, in order that their writings might be added to the lists of prohibited books, and might also be included among the works the reading of which was to be permitted under special license to the scholars engaged in refuting the Lutheran heresies.[46]