In 1882, September, the Patriarch of Venice prohibited in like manner the reading of _Il Veneto Christiano_, and of _Fra Paolo Sarpi_, as “godless, blasphemous, and heretical productions.” The Patriarch declared that the publisher and those who read these journals with belief were excommunicated. 1885. February. The Archbishop Magnasco, of Geneva, condemned the _Epoca_. Editor, publisher, distributor, and readers were alike condemned to excommunication. Whoever buys or reads a number, or gives it to another, has committed mortal sin. =46. The Roman Question, 1859–1870.=--Between the years 1859–1861, a number of monographs and volumes, chiefly by French writers, were brought into print that had to do with the question of the political authority of the Papacy. These French theories brought out a full measure of criticism and condemnation. Among the works thus reproved was a treatise by La Guérronnière, _La France, Rome et l’Italie_, printed in 1861, in regard to which Cardinal Antonelli issued a specific condemnation. No single title of the group is, however, to be found in the Index. The monograph by La Guérronnière expressed, as was well understood, the views of the Emperor Napoleon III, and had probably been written at the Emperor’s suggestion. A companion volume was published about the same time by Edmund About and this also was sharply condemned not only by Cardinal Antonelli but also by a number of the French bishops, including Dupanloup. The list of the Italian controversial publications on this question is also considerable. The earlier works had to do simply with the political authority of the pope, but since 1870, a number of writers have given attention to the desirability, on the ground of the welfare of Italy and also of that of the Church universal, of the reconciliation of the Papacy with the Government of the United Italy. These writings were met with sharp condemnation on the part of Pius IX and Leo XIII and of the supporters of the civil authority of the Papacy, but in only few instances was action taken in regard to them by the Congregation of the Index. =47. The Council of the Vatican, 1867–1876.=--The conclusions reached by the council held in the Vatican in 1867 resulted in the publication of a number of controversial works of which certain titles found their way into the Index. The more important of these are the following: Michelis, Fr., _Fünfzig Thesen über die Gestaltung der kirchlichen Verhältnisse der Gegenwart_, printed in 1867, condemned in 1868. Renouf, Le Page, _La Condamnation du Pape Honorius_, printed in 1868, prohibited in the same year. “Janus” (the name adopted for the moment by Döllinger) _Der Papst und das Concilium_, printed in 1869, prohibited in the same year. Wallon, Jean, _La Vérité sur le Concile_, printed in 1872, prohibited in 1873. Dupanloup, Archbishop, _Testament Spirituel de Montalembert_, and _La Cour de Rome et la France_, printed in 1871, prohibited in 1872.