The ceramic art of Great Britain from pre-historic times down to the present day, Volume 1 (of 2) : $b being a history of the ancient and modern pottery and porcelain works of the kingdom and of their productions of every classJewitt, Llewellynn Frederick William
History
The ceramic art of Great Britain from pre-historic times down to the present day, Volume 1 (of 2) : $b being a history of the ancient and modern pottery and porcelain works of the kingdom and of their productions of every class
Jewitt, Llewellynn Frederick William
Pottery, British -- History
It is curious to add that some of the tiles which have been found
tell a silent tale, which they were never intended to carry, of the
dress or hand or foot of the maker, which have become accidentally
impressed upon their surface while in a soft state, and are afterwards
rendered imperishable by firing in the kiln. One example of this kind
of accidental ornamentation (Fig. 207), which exhibits the impress of
a man’s feet, or, rather, shoes thickly studded with nails,--like the
“hob-nailed” boots of our own day,--will suffice as an illustration.
[Illustration: Fig. 219.--Clay Coffin, Aldborough.]
One extraordinary and highly interesting use of tiles among the Roman
inhabitants of Britain was that of forming them into tombs.[26] A
large tile was laid flat on the ground; two others of the same length
were placed upright, one at each side, to form the sides; two shorter
ones were placed upright as ends; and another tile formed the cover
(Fig. 216). Thus a fictile cist, or chest, was formed, and in this was
deposited the sepulchral urn containing the ashes of the departed,
with its accompanying group of smaller vessels. Cists of this kind are
found frequently in the Roman cemeteries at Colchester. “The practice
of enclosing or covering the sepulchral deposits with tiles appears to
have been so general, that the word _tegula_, a tile, was often
used to signify a tomb. The reader will at once call to mind the lines
of Ovid:--
“Est honor et tumulis; animas placate paternas,
Parvaque in extinctas munera ferte pyras.
Parva petunt manes; pietas pro divite grata est
Munere; non avidos Styx habet ima deos.
_Tegula_ projectis satis est velata coronis,
Et sparsæ fruges, parcaque mica salis.”
It appears from these lines that it was the custom for the relatives
to place garlands, fruit, and salt on the tile which covered the
sepulchral deposit.[27]
At York, graves, or rather tombs, formed of a number of roof-tiles,
have been found. Fig. 218 represents one of these curious tombs. It was
formed of ten roof-tiles, four of which were placed on either side, and
one at each end, and four ridge tiles arranged along the top. Each tile
bore the impressed stamp of the VI. Legion (Leg. VI., _Legio sexta
victrix_--the sixth legion victorious). In these tile-tombs urns had
in one instance been placed; in another (the one engraved) were the
remains of the funeral fire, with the ashes of the dead. Clay coffins
have also occasionally been found. One of these, from Aldborough, is
shown on Fig. 219.
Lamps were undoubtedly made in various parts of this kingdom, and were
more or less ornamented; some bear excellently executed figures and
other devices. Many appear to have been made at Colchester, and are
spoken of by Mr. Roach Smith in his “Collectanea Antiqua.” The pot
works at this place appear to have been on the Lexden Road, where a
kiln and many other remains have been brought to light.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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