[17] Some of the earliest appear to be allies of the modern limpets. [18] “Un produit de l’imagination, sans aucun fondement dans la réalité.” [19] _Hymenocaris_. [20] Phyllopods and Ostracods. [21] _Pterygotus, Eurypterus_, &c. [22] Whitfield, _Am. Journ. of Sci._, 1880. [23] _Report on Devonian Fossil Plants of Canada_, 1871. _Story of the Earth and Man_, 1873. _Address to American Association_, 1875. [24] See the important memoir of Barrande on the Silurian Brachiopods, in which, as the result of the most elaborate and detailed comparisons, he concludes that in the case of these shells, as in that of the Cephalopods and Trilobites, the introduction of species in geological time has not occurred by modification, but must have depended on a creative process. It is such painstaking researches as those of the great Bohemian palæontologist which must finally settle these questions, in so far as geology is concerned. [25] _Geological Magazine_, November, 1869. [26] The genus _Buthotrephis_ includes supposed branching sea-weeds of the Silurian. For this reason I would propose the name _Protannularia_ for these plants. [27] _Lycopodiaceæ._ [28] Allied to those named by Brongniart _Aetheotesta_. [29] _Cordaites._ [30] Paper by Sir W. Dawson in _Chicago Academy’s Bulletin_, 1886. [31] _Calamodendron_ and _Arthropitys_ are forms of this kind. [32] Grand’ Eury and Williamson have directed attention to this in the case of those of France and England. [33] _Amphioxus._ [34] _Petromyzon_, &c. [35] Dr. Newberry has kindly furnished me with specimens, and Dr. Harrington has submitted to analysis portions of shale filled with these little teeth, the result giving 2·58 of calcium phosphate for the whole, which indicates that the Conodonts are really bone. Their microscopic structure approaches to that of the dentine of such Carboniferous fishes as _Diplodus_. Hinde has described Conodonts from the Silurian of Canada. [36] _Ueber Conodonten_: Munich, 1886. [37] _Lepidosteus._ [38] _Palæichthyes_ of Günther. [39] _Dinichthys Terrelli_ and _D. Hertzeri_ (Newberry). [40] Cestracionts. [41] Selachians. [42] _Amphipeltis paradoxus_ of Salter. [43] Genus _Strophia_. I have provisionally named the St. John species _Strophites erianus_. [44] The enlarged figure of _Pupa vetusta_ is too much elongated, and the aperture is somewhat conjectural, as it is usually crushed. [45] _Dawsonella_ of Bradley. [46] _Archiulidæ_ of Scudder. [47] _Euphobesia armigera_ (Meek and Worthen), from Illinois. [48] About fifty in all, as I learn from Mr. Scudder. [49] _Orthoptera._ [50] _Neuroptera._ [51] _Coleoptera._ [52] _Tincæ._ [53] One highly specialised Carboniferous insect recently found is the _Protophasma_ of Brongniart, a relative of the modern “Walking-sticks.” [54] This was first described as part of the larva of a Dragon-fly. It is now recognised as belonging to a Scorpion. [55] _Protolycosa_ (Roemer).