The Chain of Life in Geological Time: A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and PlantsDawson, John William, Sir
Science
The Chain of Life in Geological Time: A Sketch of the Origin and Succession of Animals and Plants
Dawson, John William, Sir
Paleobotany; Paleontology
The best specimens of _Eozoon_ occur as rounded, flattened, or more or
less irregular lumps or masses in certain layers of the Laurentian
limestone. When weathered on the surface of the rock, these lumps show a
regular concentric lamination, caused by thin fibres of limestone,
alternating with other mineral substances, filling up the spaces between
them. When these intervening layers are composed of such minerals as
Serpentine, Loganite, Pyroxene, or Dolomite, which are more resisting
than the limestone, they project when weathered, or when the limestone
is etched by an acid, so as to show the lamination very distinctly. At
the lower surface of the masses the layers are seen to be thicker than
they are above, and in perfect specimens they are seen toward the
surface to break up into small rounded vesicles of calcite, like little
bubbles, which constitute the so-called acervuline condition of _Eozoon_
(Fig. 15, No. 2). Slices of the fossil etched with an acid show these
appearances very perfectly, and can even be printed from, so as to
present perfect nature-prints of the structure (Fig. 16).
FIG. 16.—Nature-printed specimen of _Eozoon_ slightly etched with acid.
It shows the lamination, and at one side fragmental _Eozoon_ (_Life’s Dawn
on Earth_).
On etching a small fragment or slice with very dilute acid, so as to
dissolve away the calcite slowly, if the specimen be well preserved, we
find that the calcite layers have a very curious structure. This is
indicated by the appearance of little white or transparent threads of
Serpentine, Dolomite, or Pyroxene, which ramify throughout the substance
of the limestone layers, and are left intact when they have been
dissolved. These little processes must originally have been pores in the
limestone layers, which have been filled with the substance which
constitutes the alternate laminæ. In addition to this, if we use a
somewhat high microscopic power, and especially if we study the
structures as seen in thin transparent slices, we can perceive a still
finer tubulation along the sides of the calcite layers, represented by
extremely minute parallel rods of mineral matter (Figs. 17, 18).
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