The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in WisconsinTurner, Frederick Jackson
History
The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wisconsin
Turner, Frederick Jackson
Fur trade -- United States; Indians of North America -- Wisconsin; Trading posts -- Wisconsin; Wisconsin -- History -- To 1848
2. The early traders were regarded as quasi-supernatural beings by the
Indians.[106] They alone could supply the coveted iron implements, the
trinkets that tickled the savage's fancy, the "fire-water," and the guns
that gave such increased power over game and the enemy. In the course of
a few years the Wisconsin savages passed from the use of the implements
of the stone age to the use of such an important product of the iron age
as firearms. They passed also from the economic stage in which their
hunting was for food and clothing simply, to that stage in which their
hunting was made systematic and stimulated by the European demand for
furs. The trade tended to perpetuate the hunter stage by making it
profitable, and it tended to reduce the Indian to economic
dependence[107] upon the Europeans, for while he learned to use the
white man's gun he did not learn to make it or even to mend it. In this
transition stage from their primitive condition the influence of the
trader over the Indians was all-powerful. The pre-eminence of the
individual Indian who owned a gun made all the warriors of the tribe
eager to possess like power. The tribe thus armed placed their enemies
at such a disadvantage that they too must have like weapons or lose
their homes.[108] No wonder that La Salle was able to say: "The savages
take better care of us French than of their own children. From us only
can they get guns and goods."[109] This was the power that France used
to support her in the struggle with England for the Northwest.
3. The trader used his influence to promote peace between the
Northwestern Indians.[110]
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 79: Histoire du Canada, 193-4 (edition of 1866).]
[Footnote 80: Dablon, Jesuit Relations, 1671.]
[Footnote 81: See Parkman, Pioneers, 429 ff. (1890).]
[Footnote 82: Margry, I., 50. The date rests on inference; see
Bibliography of Nicolet in Wis. Hist. Colls., XI., and cf. Hebberd,
Wisconsin under French Dominion, 14.]
[Footnote 83: N.Y. Col. Docs., IX., 160.]
[Footnote 84: Margry, VI., 3; Coll. de Mamiscrits, I., 255, where the
date is wrongly given as 1676. The italics are ours.]
[Footnote 85: Radisson, Voyages (Prince Soc. Pubs.); Margry, I., 53-55,
83; Jes. Rels., 1660; Wis. Hist. Colls., X., XI; Narrative and Critical
Hist. Amer., IV., 168-173.]
[Footnote 86: Cf. Radisson, 173-5, and Jes. Rels., 1660, pp. 12, 30;
1663, pp. 17 ff.]
[Footnote 87: Pottawattomies in the region of Green Bay.]
[Footnote 88: Wis. Hist. Colls., XI., 67-8.]
[Footnote 89: _Ibid._ XI., 90.]
[Footnote 90: Radisson, 200, 217, 219.]
[Footnote 91: Suite, in Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of
Science, Arts and Letters, V., 141; N.Y. Col. Docs., IX., 153, 140,152;
Margry, VI., 3; Parkman, Old Regime, 310-315.]
[Footnote 92: Cf. Jes. Rels., 1670, p. 92.]
[Footnote 93: History of United States, II., 138 (1884).]
[Footnote 94: Harrisse, Notes sur la Nouvelle France, 174-181.]
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