3. The closing of the Fox and Wisconsin route fostered that movement of trade and exploration which at this time began to turn to the far Northwest along the Pigeon river route into central British America, in search of the Sea of the West,[142] whereby the Rocky Mountains were discovered; and it may have aided in turning settlement into the Illinois country. 4. These wars were a part of a connected series, including the Iroquois wars, the Fox wars, the attack of the Wisconsin trader, Charles de Langlade, upon the center of English trade at Pickawillany,[143] Ohio, and the French and Indian war that followed. All were successive stages of the struggle against English trade in the French possessions. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 118: La Hontan, I., 105.] [Footnote 119: Near Ashland, Wis.] [Footnote 120: Tailhan, Perrot, 139, 302.] [Footnote 121: Frontenac, 315-316. Cf. Perrot, 302.] [Footnote 122: Perrot, 331; N.Y. Col. Docs., IX., 633.] [Footnote 123: _Ibid._] [Footnote 124: N.Y. Col. Docs., IV., 732-7.] [Footnote 125: N.Y. Col. Docs., IX., 673.] [Footnote 126: Shea, Early Voyages, 49.] [Footnote 127: Kingsford, Canada, II., 394; N.Y. Col. Docs., IX., 635.] [Footnote 128: Margry, V.,219.] [Footnote 129: _Ibid._ IV., 597.] [Footnote 130: Wis. Hist. Colls., III., 149; Smith, Wisconsin, II., 315.] [Footnote 131: Coll. de Manus., III., 622.] [Footnote 132: See Hebberd's account, Wisconsin under French Dominion; Coll. de Manus., I., 623; Smith, Wisconsin, II., 315.] [Footnote 133: Margry, VI., 543.] [Footnote 134: Tailhan, Perrot, _passim_; N.Y. Col. Docs., IX., 570, 619, 621; Margry, VI., 507-509, 553, 653-4; Minn. Hist. Colls., V., 422, 425; Wis. Hist. Colls., III., 154.] [Footnote 135: N.Y. Col. Docs., V., 726 ff.] [Footnote 136: _Ibid._ IV., 732, 735, 796-7; V., 687, 911.] [Footnote 137: Margry, VI., 553, 563, 575-580; Neill in _Mag. Western History_, November, 1887.] [Footnote 138: Perrot, 148; Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, I., 42; Hebberd, Wisconsin under French Dominion, chapters on the Fox wars.] [Footnote 139: Minn. Hist. Colls., V., 190-1.] [Footnote 140: Oneida county.] [Footnote 141: Sawyer county.] [Footnote 142: Margry, VI.] [Footnote 143: Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, I., 84, and citations; _vide post_, p. 41.] FRENCH SETTLEMENT IN WISCONSIN.