P. 491, c. 1—“Ka-răm´sin.” (1765-1826.) A Russian historian. He spent his early life in studying, traveling, and writing. In 1801 he published his once popular “Letters of a Russian Traveler:” these led to his being appointed historiographer of Russia. He began soon after his “History of Russia,” in twelve volumes. It met with wonderful success and was translated into several languages. P. 491, c. 2—“Perm´i-a or Perm.” See map. The government of Perm still exists. It lies partly in Asia and partly in Europe, being intersected by the Ural Mountains. The population is something over 2,000,000. P. 491, c. 2—“Genoese,” gĕn´o-ēse. In 1299 the Genoese obtained from Venice, by treaty, the exclusive dominion of commerce on the Black Sea. They made the most of the opportunity, and forts, factories and colonies soon lined the coast. They were favored by the Byzantines, and so carried on commerce with India. This power was wrested from them by Mohammed II., in 1453. P. 491, c. 2—“Kaf´fa.” The ancient Theodosia, or Feodosia. A fortified town and seaport of Southern Russia. It rose to great power under the Genoese. P. 491, c. 2—“Az´of.” The port of the River Don by the Sea of Azof. P. 491, c. 2—“Parks of artillery.” All the cannon of an army with its carriages, ammunition wagons and stores. P. 491, c. 2—“Personel.” Personal appearance. P. 491, c. 2—“Assumption.” A taking up into heaven, especially used in reference to the Virgin Mary, whose assumption is celebrated on the 15th of August, and in honor of which the cathedral was named. P. 491, c. 2—“Eu-dox´ia.” P. 492, c. 1—“Am´ă-ranth.” Immortal amaranth. The flower which, poets say, never fades. P. 492, c. 1—“Olaf.” See THE CHAUTAUQUAN for February, page 245. P. 492, c. 2—“Harried.” Plundered, pillaged. P. 492, c. 2—“E-lēts´.” Still in existence; contains about thirty thousand inhabitants. P. 492, c. 2—“Căt-a-la´nia.” The northeastern province of Spain. P. 492, c. 2—“Bis-cāy´an.” Of Biscay, a little province in the north of Spain, on the Bay of Biscay; it is famous for its iron mines. P. 492, c. 2—“Vī´-tovt.” P. 492, c. 2—“Vŏrsk´lä.” P. 492, c. 2—“Ed´i-ger.” P. 492, c. 2—“Tĕm-ïr´ Kŭt´lū.” P. 493, c. 1—“Ol´gerd.” P. 493, c. 1—“Dim-it=´=rie´vitch.” Son of Dmitri. P. 493, c. 1—“Vi-ăt´kä.” See map. The province still exists under the same name. P. 493, c. 1—“Entente cordiale.” Good terms. A perfect understanding. P. 493, c. 1—“Pä-læ-ŏl´o-gŭs.” The name of a prominent Byzantine family, which attained to imperial honors in 1260. P. 493, c. 1—“Sig´is-mund.” (1366-1437.) Emperor of Germany. He was defeated by the Turks in the battle of Nicopolis, in 1396, while trying to relieve the Byzantine empire. Through his influence the Pope called the Council of Constance to put an end to the Hussite doctrines and other heresies. Although he protested against violating the safe conduct which was given Huss, he consented to his murder. In 1419 he defeated the Turks at Nissa. P. 493, c. 1—“Trō´ki.”