P. 493, c. 1—“Vil´na.” See map. P. 493, c. 2—“Photius,” phō´she-us. P. 493, c. 2—“Ia-gel´lo.” P. 493, c. 2—“Hŏs´po-där.” The lieutenant, or governor, of Wallachia, or Moldavia. By the treaty between Russia and Turkey this officer holds his appointment for life and pays annual tribute. P. 493, c. 2—“Landmeister.” Governor. P. 493, c. 2—“Mĭnd´vog.” P. 493, c. 2—“Gĕd´i-min.” P. 493, c. 2—“Pŏ-dō´lĭ-ä.” P. 493, c. 2—“Ruthen´ian.” The Ruthenians are important as a nation only in Galicia, and there an effort has been made to develop a Ruthenian literature. The language spoken by these people is between Polish and Russian, and is said to be more melodious than either. P. 493, c. 2—“Galicia,” gă-lĭ´ci-a. PICTURES FROM ENGLISH HISTORY. P. 494, c. 1—“Royal Parents.” They were René, of Anjou, and Isabella, of Lorraine. René held titles to the thrones of Naples and Sicily, and through Isabella, claimed Lorraine. His whole life was spent in a useless struggle to win these provinces. P. 494, c. 1—“King of France,” Charles VII. P. 494, c. 1—“Grandson.” It will be remembered that Henry V. married the Princess Catherine, daughter of the insane Charles VI. after the peace between those made kings in 1419. Henry VI. was their son. P. 494, c. 1—“Anjou,” ăn´jôu. A north-west province of France. During the days of feudalism and chivalry the counts of Anjou were famous in European history. Many were bold crusaders. Foulques V. became king of Jerusalem. The house of Plantagenet has its origin in Geoffrey of Anjou, the father of Henry II. of England. In 1483 the province was permanently annexed to France, and since has given titles to Bourbon princes. P. 494, c. 1—“Jack Cade.” Born in Ireland; died in 1450. Assuming the name of Mortimer, and calling himself a cousin of the Duke of York, he raised a band of 20,000 insurgents to force from the king certain concessions. He defeated an army sent against him, forced his way into London, beheaded several chief officers and pillaged parts of the city. Finally truce was declared, and the insurgents who would retire, were pardoned. Cade fled, but was overtaken and killed. P. 494, c. 2—“Nathless.” Nevertheless. P. 494, c. 2—“St. Albans.” In Hertfordshire. The town is named after St. Albans, the first British martyr, said to have been beheaded during the persecution by Diocletian, 286 A. D. P. 494, c. 2—“St. Paul.” The finest of London cathedrals. It is said to have been first built in the fourth century on the site of a temple of Diana. The present cathedral was finished in 1710, at a cost of about $7,500,000. The interior decoration, as planned by the architect, Wren, has been going on several years. The length is five hundred and ten feet; breadth, two hundred and eighty-two feet. P. 494, c. 2—“Te Deum.” The first words of a hymn of thanksgiving. The Latin, _Te deum laudamus_, (We praise thee, O God), is still used in the Roman Catholic churches.