9. Q. What four names are prominent among the early Mystics of Germany? A. Eckart, Ruysbroek, Suso, and Tauler. 10. Q. Who were the two most notable members of the school of St. Victor? A. Hugo and Richard. 11. Q. What was the chief of important general movements, without connection with prominent characters, in progress to hasten the approach of reform? A. In the field of intellectual progress, was the revival of literature, which took the name of Humanism. 12. Q. In this revival, what were the studies, as distinguished from the theological themes which had long held sway in all the universities and learned circles of Europe? A. They were purely human and literary. 13. Q. Who were three prominent champions of the new Humanism? A. John Reuchlin, of Germany, Erasmus, of Rotterdam, and Thomas More, of England. 14. Q. What three councils were formal acknowledgments, on the part of the Roman Catholic Church, of the evils within its pale, and the necessity of relief from them? A. The councils of Pisa, Kostnitz, and Basel. 15. Q. With what bitter controversy did the fourteenth century open? A. A controversy between the church and the leading civil rulers. It was the old question of authority—whether pope or king was the supreme head. 16. Q. Why was the Avignon papacy popularly called by the Romanists “The Babylonian Captivity?” A. From the light in which it was held as an ecclesiastical calamity, and from its continuance of nearly seventy years—from 1309 to 1377. 17. Q. Although the three councils failed of their prime object, what fact did they reveal to the world? A. The fact that no prospect for reform could exist in any new council. 18. Q. What way was it now clear was the only one open for improvement? A. The independence of the individual reformer. 19. Q. What now became the theater for the Reformation? A. Central Germany. 20. Q. Who responded to the universal aspiration for a leader to guide into new and safe paths? A. Martin Luther. 21. Q. When and where was Luther born? A. In Eisleben, Saxony, November 11, 1483. 22. Q. What wealthy lady befriended Luther in youth, and gave him the advantages of an excellent teacher? A. Ursula Cotta. 23. Q. After finishing his course at the University of Erfurt, what did Luther then do? A. He bade the world farewell, and in 1505 entered the Augustinian cloister as a monk. 24. Q. In 1508 to what place was Luther called as professor? A. To Wittenberg. 25. Q. After two years in Wittenberg to what city did he make a visit? A. Rome. 26. Q. What effect did this visit have upon Luther? A. He took with him, when he left Rome, an abhorrence of the superstition and immorality of the church at its fountainhead, which never left him. 27. Q. In what bill of charges did Luther subsequently arraign the church? A. His ninety-five theses, directed principally against the sale of indulgences.