28. Q. In an “Address to the Nobles of the German People” what did Luther declare which led to his excommunication by the pope? A. That the time had come when Germany ought to cast off allegiance to Rome, to start out on an independent religious and national life, and take care of its own interests. 29. Q. Before what body was Luther summoned, where his doctrines were condemned, and the sentence of ban and double ban pronounced against him? A. The Diet of Worms. 30. Q. To what place was Luther taken for safety after leaving Worms? A. To the Wartburg Castle, where he remained for eight months. 31. Q. About how many separate writings appeared from the pen of Luther? A. About one hundred and twenty, among them a translation of the Bible. 32. Q. To whom did Luther commit the task of formulating a systematic treatment of doctrine? A. To his nearest friend, Melancthon. 33. Q. Of what do the annals of literature and theology not furnish a more beautiful illustration than we find in the case of Luther and Melancthon? A. Of the manner in which a great work can be performed by the combined action of two men. 34. Q. To what were the labors of Melancthon directed, in the great cause of reform? A. To the improvement of the methods of study in the university of Wittenberg. He urged the students to the fountain-heads of truth, and placed before them the Bible as the only source of real knowledge. 35. Q. What five princes of Saxony were devoted friends of the new movement for the liberation of the conscience? A. George, Maurice, Frederick the Wise, John, and John Frederick. 36. Q. Who was the leader of the new movement in Switzerland? A. Ulric Zwingli. 37. Q. Into what did the religious conflict in the eastern cantons of Switzerland grow? A. Into an appeal to arms, that resulted in civil war. 38. Q. What followed the battle of Cappel, where Zwingli was killed? A. The peace of Cappel, which declared that each canton should decide its religion for itself. 39. Q. What name is most prominent in connection with the Reformation in French Switzerland? A. John Calvin. 40. Q. What work did Calvin publish in 1536, which became the doctrinal standard for all the Reformed Churches of the Continent and Great Britain? A. “The Institutes of the Christian Religion.” 41. Q. By what great reformer was the work, left unfinished by Calvin at his death, taken up? A. Beza. 42. Q. In the history of the Reformation, what honor belongs to England? A. That of having discovered the need of a universal religious regeneration in Europe. 43. Q. In whom did the beginnings of reform in England center? A. Wyckliffe, who was born about 1324. 44. Q. What were Wyckliffe’s greatest services to the coming Reformation? A. First, his translation of the New Testament, and afterward the whole Bible, into English. 45. Q. What was a striking feature of the English Reformation, from the outside? A. Its political character.