P. 188.—“Bessos,” besˈos. The satrap of Bachia who put Darius to death, in B. C. 330, and assumed the title of king. NOTES ON REQUIRED READINGS IN “THE CHAUTAUQUAN.” WHY WE SPEAK ENGLISH. P. 2, c. 2.—“Erse,” erish. A Celtic language, properly called the Gælic, but by the Scotch Highlanders called Erse. “Bengali,” ben-galˈee. The dialect spoken in Bengal. “Brahmans,” brähˈmans. The priests who officiated in the Hindoo ceremonials. The devotees and worshipers sometimes received this name. “Vedas,” vēˈdas. “Punctilio,” punc-tĭlˈyo. Exactness in forms, conduct or ceremony. P. 3, c. 1.—“De Chésy,” deh shaˈzeˈ. (1773-1832.) He was an orientalist of some renown. “Bopp.” (1791-1867.) A German professor of oriental languages in the University of Berlin during most of his life. “Grimm.” (1785-1863.) A German philologist and voluminous writer. “Joorkistan,” joor-kis-tanˈ. “Hindoo Kosh.” Also spelled Kush, Koosh, or Kusch. A range of mountains in Central Asia. “Oxus,” oxˈus. Called also the Amoo, the Gihon, or Jehoon. P. 3, c. 2.—“Lithuanian,” lithˈu-āˌni-an. P. 4, c. 2.—“Mæso-Goths.” Mœsia, or Mysia, was a country of Europe occupying about the same territory as do Servia and Bulgaria to-day. It was occupied by the Goths in the fourth century. They were called Mæso or Mœso-Goths. “Ulphilas,” or Ulfilas, ŭlˈfi-las. (310-381.) The family of Ulfilas were Christians supposed to have been carried away by the Goths. In 341 he became the bishop of these people and soon induced a number of them to leave their warlike life to settle a colony in Mœsia. Here he cultivated the arts of peace, doing much to civilize the people. He introduced an alphabet of twenty-four letters, and translated all of the Bible except the book of Kings. HOME STUDIES IN CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS. P. 5, c. 1.—“Cabalistic,” căbˈa-lisˈtĭc. Anything consisting of symbols which have a hidden meaning is called cabalistic. “Berzelius,” ber-zeeˈlĭ-us. (1779-1848.) A Swedish chemist. P. 5, c. 2.—“Faraday,” fărˈa-da. (1791-1867.) An English chemist and natural philosopher. “Cracow.” The former capital of Poland. The “beds” referred to are the Wieliczha (we-litchˈka) salt mines a few miles from the city. “Davy,” dāˈvĭ. Sir Humphrey. (1778-1829.) An English chemist of whom it has been said that “since the days of Sir Isaac Newton the history of British science has recorded no discoveries of equal importance with those of Sir Humphrey Davy.” P. 6, c. 1.—“Cavendish.” (1730-1810.) An English chemist and mathematician. The discoverer of hydrogen, of the composition of water, and the founder of pneumatic chemistry. “Priestly,” preestˈle, Joseph. (1783-1804.) An English chemist and theologian. “Black.” (1728-1799.) A chemist and physician of Edinburgh. His chief researches were set forth in his experiments on “Magnesia, Quicklime and other Alkaline Substances.” He also originated the theory of latent heat. “Rutherford,” rŭthˈer-ford. (1749-1819.) A Scottish physician and botanist.