Alkali, manufacture of, by ammonia-soda process, 55 " manufacture of, by electrolytic process, 56 " manufacture of, by Leblanc process, 53 Alkalis, distinguishing, from acids, 23, 49 " neutralisation of, 50 " properties of, 49 " specific gravities of, 49 Alum, cake, 73 Aluminium sulphate, 73 Ammonia, 23, 95 Ammonia-soda process, 55 Aniline, 91 " black, 81 " constitution of, 96 " preparation of, 96 " reaction of 97 " violet 77, 81 Animal fibres. _See_ Fibres. Annatto, 83, 85, 87 Anthracene, 90 Archil. _See_ Orchil. Aurin, 91, 98 Azo dyestuffs, 98 Barwood, 99 Basic colours or dyestuffs, mordanting, 76 Bast fibres. _See_ Fibres. Bastose, 4 Bastose, distinction between, and cellulose, 4 Beaume hydrometer degrees, 31 Benzene, 90, 96 Bixin, 88 Black-ash process, 54 Blue colour, absorption spectrum of pure, 114 Boilers, incrustations in, 42 Boiling-point, effect of pressure on, 32 " of water, effect of dissolved salts on, 36 " of water, effect of increase of pressure on, 35 Borax, 59 " tests of purity of, 59 Boric acid, 57 Boronitrocalcite, 59 Brasilin, 99 Brazil wood, 99 Camwood, 99 Carbolic acid. _See_ Phenol. Carminic acid, 76 Carre ice-making machine, 32 Carrotting. _See_ Secretage. Carthamic acid, 87 Carthamin, 87 Cellulose, action of cupric-ammonium solutions on, 5 " composition of, 3 " distinction between, and bastose, 4 " properties of pure, 5 Cholesterol, 100 Chrome mordanting, 78 Chrome orange, 84 " yellow, 84 Chroming, over-, 78 Clark's soap test, 43 Coal-tar, 90 " yield of valuable products from, 90 Cochineal, 75, 76, 82, 83, 99 Coerulein, 90 Colour, absorption spectrum of pure blue, 114 " absorption spectrum of pure yellow, 114 " acids, 77 " bases, 77 " nature of, 107 Coloured substances, spectra of, 112 Colours, acid, mordanting of, 74 " basic, 75 " classification of, 79 " complementary, 109 " mixed, spectra of, 115 " pigment, 110 " primary, 110 " spectral, 110 Conditioning establishments, 21 Congo red, 71 Copper salts, dissolving, in iron pans, 39 " wet method of extracting, 38 Corrosion caused by fatty acids, 35 Cotton and woollen goods, separation of mixed, 5 Cotton fibre, action of basic zinc chloride on, 5 " composition of, 3 " dimensions of, 2 " stomata in cuticle of, 2 " structure of, 1 Cotton-silk fibre, 3 " " composition of, 3 Crookes' heat-indicating paint, 107 Cudbear, 86 Cupric ammonium solution, action of, on cellulose, 5 Curcumin, 87 Dextrin, 4