Dyeing felt hats deep black, 106 " " effect of stiffening and proofing process in, 65, 103 " of wool and felt with coal-tar colours, 105 " of wool and fur, 100 " power of coal-tar dyestuffs, 93 " with mixed coal-tar colours, 106 Dyestuffs, adjectiv, 83, 99 " azo, 98 " classification of, 79 " coal-tar, 90 " " dyeing power of, 93 " " yield of, 91 " mineral, 83 " monogenetic, 81 " pigment, 83 " polygenetic, 82 " substantive, 83 " " artificial, 89 " " natural, 85 Equivalence, law of, 49 Fats, decomposition of, by superheated steam, 35 Felt, dyeing, deep black, 106 " " with coal-tar colours, 105 Felting, dilute acid for promoting, 22 " effect of water in, 21 " fur, 15 " interlocking of scales in, 13 " preparation of fur for, 18 " unsuitability of dead wool for, 18 Fibre, cotton. _See_ Cotton. " cotton-silk. _See_ Cotton-silk. " flax. _See_ Flax. " jute. _See_ Jute. " silk. _See_ Silk. " wool. _See_ Wool. Fibres, action of acids on textile, 5 " " alkaline solution of copper and glycerin on textile, 28 " " alkalis on textile, 5 " " caustic soda on textile , 28 " " copper-oxide-ammonia on textile, 28 " " nitric acid on textile, 28 " " steam on textile, 5 " " sulphuric acid on textile, 27 Fibres, animal, 6 " bast, 3 " vegetable, 1 " " and animal, determining, in mixture, 27 " " and animal, distinguishing, 4, 5 " " and animal, distinguishing and separating, 24 Fibroin, 7 Flax fibre, action of basic zinc chloride on, 5 " composition of, 3 " structure of, 2 Fraunhofer's lines, 111, 112 Fur, 8 " action of acids on, 23 " " of alkalis on, 24 " " on, in secretage process, 17 " chrome mordanting of, 77 " composition of, 22 " felting, 15 " finish and strength of felted, effect of boiling water on, 22 " hygroscopicity of, 20 " preparation of, for felting, 18 " secretage or carrotting of, 17 " stiffening and proofing of felted, 66 " sulphur in, reagents for detection of, 26 Fustic, 99 Gallein, 82, 83 Gallnuts, 99 Garancine, 99 Guy-Lussac tower, 52 Glover tower, 52 Glucose, 4 Greening of black hats, 65 Haematein, 76, 78 83, 99 Hair, 8 " cells from, 11 " distinction between, and wool, 12, 14 " dyeing, 26 " growth of, 8 " scales from, 11 " " of, action of reagents on, 12 " scaly structure of, 11 " structure of, 8, 9 " sulphur in, reagents for detection of, 26 Hargreaves & Robinson's process, 53