_Angles_, first mentioned, 64. _Antalkidas_, Peace of, 28. _Antioch_, its relation to older Greek cities, 23. _Antoninus Caracalla_, effects of his edict, 42. _Apameia_, dealings of Trajan and Pliny with, 236, 237. _Aquæ Sextiæ_, battle of, 44; 60. _Aquitaine_, position of cities in, 192; its relations to France, 195; its separation from Burgundy, 196. _Arles_, capital of Southern Gaul, 85. _Arminius_, his historic position, 64. _Arnold_, Thomas, point chosen by for the ending of his History, 104. _Asia Minor_, its historic position, 19. _Athens_, her history mistaken for that of Greece, 21; remains specially pagan, 74; her relations to Rome, 84, 85; her position under Trajan, 232. _Aurelian_, his dealings with the Goths, 77. _Austria_, the Frankish, effect of the rise of its Mayors, 91. _Austrian Emperors_, their relations to the Popes, 183. _Austrian Empire_, 151-152. _Avignon_, Popes at, 157. B. _Bajazet_, Keiser of Roum, 145. _Barbarians_, conversion of, 67. _Basil the Macedonian_, his controversy with Lewis the Second, 108. _Basil the Second_, Emperor, 132, 133. Βασιλεύς, title of, 108. _Basques_, Iberian elements preserved by, 93. _Belisarius_, Roman consul, 125. _Beneventum_, battle of, 45. _Bithynia_, different position of its cities under Trajan, 233-238. _Britain_, Roman influence in, 94; Continental, its origin, 89; Celtic elements preserved in, 93. _Buonaparte_, Napoleon, his position and objects, 149-151. _Burgundians_, their settlement in Gaul, 89; 123. _Burgundy_, position of cities in, 191, 192; its separation from Aquitaine, 196; represented by Switzerland, 197, 198. _Byzantine_, use of the name, 129. C. _Cæsar_, his work in Gaul, 61, 65. _Capitular elections_, their analogy with Greek cities, 228. _Carthage_, her beginnings, 24; the rival of Greece, 29; her wars in Sicily, 30; her rivalry and first war with Rome, 46, 47; strife of with Rome for Spain, 48, 49; her fall and new birth, 54. _Catalaunian Fields_, battle of, 44. _Catalogue_, the Homeric, its historic value, 18-20. _Charles Martel_, his defeat of the Saracens, 134. _Charles the Great_, effect of his coronation, 104; nature of his Empire, 106, 107; successor of Constantine the Sixth, 106; his position towards the East, 107, 108; his successors, 130. _Charles the Fourth_, Emperor, his coronations, 147. _Charles the Fifth_, last _Imperator_, 138; his coronation at Bologna, ib.; real source of his power, 139. _Charles the Sixth_, Emperor, 152. _Cherson_, its beginnings, 24; its relations to Rome, 84; Roman annexation of, 221-222. _Chlodowig_, unites the Frankish kingdoms, 189. _Christianity_, its relation to the Roman power, 67-69; its special rivalry with Mahometanism, 133.