_Cities_, answer to nations, 177, 178; 183; contrasted with nations, 186-188; their chief developement among Southern nations, 186; difficulty of uniting, 187; their position in Northern and Southern Gaul, 191, 192; their history and position in modern Europe, 199-205; their history in Germany, 200-205; suppression of, 201-202. _Civilis_, compared with Buonaparte, 151. _Clermont_, Council of, 162. _Colonies_, Greek, 14; their relation to Macedonian conquests, 16; their beginnings, 19; their time of greatness, 23-26; their extent, 24-26. Condominium, survival of, 211. _Conquest_, Roman and Teutonic compared, 85. _Constance_, Peace of, compared with that of Westfalia, 139. _Constantine the Great_, his changes at Rome, 74; his foundation of Constantinople, ib. _Constantine Palaiologos_, his death, 170; compared with Leopold the First, 171. _Constantinople_, its various names, 74; Christian from the beginning, ib.; its position compared with that of old Rome, 100-103; never without a resident Emperor, 101; its loss in 1204, 139; its recovery, 142; Latin Empire at, 145; its position, 160; taking of, May 29, 1453, 168-170; Latin rites in Saint Sophia, 170. _Convocation_, English, its analogy with Greek cities, 227, 228. _Crete_, mention of in Homer, 19. _Crusade_, _First_, 161, 162. _Crusade_, _Fourth_, 164, 165. _Cyprus_, rivalry of Greek and Phœnician in, 24; Empire of, 143; conquered by Richard, ib. D. _Dacia_, its conquest and cession, 77. _Dante_, his doctrine of the Empire, 68; his theory carried out in the East, 159. _Departments_, French, their position, 210. _Diocletian_, his changes, 73, 74; 86. _Diôn Chrysostom_, his account of contemporary Greek commonwealths, 225-234; value of his Orations, 231; his speech to the Rhodians, 232; his speech at Prusa, 233; at Nikomêdeia, 234. _Dionysios_, two sides of, 33. _Diplomacy_, in the third century B.C., 37. E. _East_, growth of native powers in, in the first and second centuries B.C., 65. _Eastern Emperors_, their religious character, 159. _Eastern Empire_, in what sense Greek, 112-120; in what sense Roman, 117-119; its power of revival, 128; use of the name, 129; its calling, 130; its wars with the Saracens, 135; with the Turks, ib.; practically ends in 1204, 136; 139-144; its survival and fragments, 145; its greatest days, 160; its crusades, ib., 161. _Eastern Question_, eternal, 5. _Egypt_, early Greek knowledge of, 20; its relations to Greece, 26; Saracen conquest of, 133. _Eleventh Century A.D._, its history, 135. Ἕλλην, use of the name, 112; 140. Empereur d’Allemagne et d’Autriche, title of, 149. Empereur des Français, title of, 149. _Emperor_, various uses of the name, 144. _Emperor of the East_, title of, 143, 144.