and the chronicle of the "painted devils," bogies, scarecrows, _et id genus omne_, is a long one, whose many chapters may be read in Ploss, Hartland, Henderson, Gregor, etc. Some of the "devils" are mild and almost gentlemen, like their lord and master at times; others are fierce, cruel, and bloodthirsty; their number is almost infinite, and they have the forms of women as well as of men. Over a large portion of western Europe is found the nursery story of the "Sand-Man," who causes children to become drowsy and sleepy; "the sand-man is coming, the sand-man has put dust in your eyes," are some of the sayings in use. By and by the child gets "so fast asleep that one eye does not see the other," as the Frisian proverb puts it. When, on a cold winter day, her little boy would go out without his warm mittens on, the East Frisian mother says, warningly: _De Fingerbiter is buten_, "the Finger-biter is outside." Among the formidable evil spirits who war against or torment the child and its mother are the Hebrew Lilith, the long-haired night-flier; the Greek _Strigalai_, old and ugly owl-women; the Roman _Caprimulgus_, the nightly goat-milker and child-killer, and the wood-god Silvanus; the Coptic _Berselia_; the Hungarian "water-man," or "water-woman," who changes children for criples or demons; the Moravian _Vestice_, or "wild woman," able to take the form of any animal, who steals away children at the breast, and substitutes changelings for them; the Bohemian _Polednice_, or "noon-lady," who roams around only at noon, and substitutes changelings for real children; the Lithuanian and Old Prussian _Laume_, a child-stealer, whose breast is the thunderbolt, and whose girdle is the rainbow; the Servian _Wjeschtitza_, or witches, who take on the form of an insect, and eat up children at night; the Russian "midnight spirit," who robs children of rest and sleep; the Wendish "Old mountain-woman"; the German (Brunswick) "corn-woman," who makes off with little children looking for flowers in the fields; the Röggenmuhme ( "rye-aunt"), the _Tremsemutter_, who walks about in the cornfields; the _Katzenveit_, a wood spirit, and a score of bogies called _Popel, Popelmann, Popanz, Butz_, etc.; the Scotch "Boo Man," "Bogie Man," "Jenny wi' the Airn Teeth," "Jenny wi' the lang Pock "; the English and American bogies, goblins, ogres, ogresses, witches, and the like; besides, common to all peoples, a host of werwolves and vampires, giants and dwarfs, witches, ogres, ogresses, fairies, evil spirits of air, water, land, inimical to childhood and destructive of its peace and enjoyment. The names, lineage, and exploits of these may be read in Ploss, Grimm, Hartland, etc.