ANTONINUS PIUS, CONSECRATOR OF THE WORLD’S FIRST PROTECTIVE FOUNDATION BENEFIT FOR GIRLS 236 CONSTANTINE THE GREAT, EMPEROR-PROTECTOR OF THE ROMAN CHILD 236 THE SACRIFICING OF LIVING INFANTS TO THE GOD MOLOCH 238 “SUFFER THE LITTLE CHILDREN TO COME UNTO ME” 258 (After Overbeck) THE HOLY FAMILY 272 (AFTER RUBENS) (Reproduced by Permission of Museum of Art, New York) EVENING RECREATION CENTRE FOR BOYS, NEW YORK CITY 282 MEETING OF AN “EVENING CENTRE,” NEW YORK CITY 282 FILLING CHRISTMAS BASKETS FOR POOR CHILDREN—MOTHERS’ HELPING-HAND CLUB, NEW YORK CITY 297 SAINT VINCENT DE PAUL, FOUNDER OF THE FIRST PERMANENT ASYLUM FOR CHILDREN IN FRANCE 298 A HEALTHY PAIR OF INDIAN CHILDREN, WESTERN CANADA 318 INFANT TOILERS IN A SILK MILL, SYRIA 318 (Copyright by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y.) CHILDREN OF TWO FAMILIES—AS THE SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO CHILDREN FOUND THEM 333 THE SAME FAMILIES—AFTER ATTENTION FROM THE SOCIETY 333 HENRY BERGH 336 THE “INSPIRATION” OF HENRY BERGH ON WHICH THE SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO CHILDREN WAS ORGANIZED 336 THE JUVENILE COURT, NEW YORK CITY; JUSTICE WYATT ON THE BENCH 337 History of the Child CHAPTER I MATERNAL AFFECTION THE BEGINNING OF HUMAN ALTRUISM—SYMPATHY AND PARENTAL LOVE THE BASIS OF OTHER VIRTUES—THE WEAKEST SACRIFICED IN ALL PRIMITIVE SOCIETY—NEGLECTED CHAPTERS IN THE HISTORY OF THE ATTITUDE OF SOCIETY TOWARD CHILDREN. If it were possible to postulate the first definite concept of the first family that crossed the vague and age-consuming frontier between animality and humanity, it would be safe to say that this primitive and almost animal mind would reach for an approximation, on the part of the male, to the maternal affection.