The Children's Book of StarsMitton, G. E. (Geraldine Edith)
Science
The Children's Book of Stars
Mitton, G. E. (Geraldine Edith)
Astronomy -- Juvenile literature
The marvellous feature about Saturn is, of course, the rings. There are
three of these, lying one within the other, and separated by a fine line
from each other. The middle one is much the broadest, probably about ten
thousand miles in width, and the inner one, which is the darkest, was
not discovered until some time after the others. As the planet swings in
his orbit the rings naturally appear very different to us at different
times. Sometimes we can only see them edgewise, and then even in the
largest telescope they are only like a streak of light, and this shows
that they cannot be more than fifty or sixty miles in thickness. The one
which is nearest to Saturn's surface does not approach him within ten
thousand miles. Saturn has no less than ten satellites, in addition to
the rings, so that his midnight sky must present a magnificent
spectacle. The rings, which do not shine by their own light but by
reflected sunlight, are solid enough to throw a shadow on the body of
the planet, and themselves receive his shadow. Sometimes for days
together a large part of Saturn must suffer eclipse beneath the
encircling rings, but at other times, at night, when the rings are clear
of the planet's body, so that the light is not cut off from them, they
must appear as radiant arches of glory spanning the sky.
The subject of these rings is so complicated by the variety of their
changes that it is difficult for us even to think about it. It is one of
the most marvellous of all the features of our planetary system. What
are these rings? what are they made of? It has been positively proved
that they cannot be made of continuous matter, either liquid or solid,
for the force of gravity acting on them from the planet would tear them
to pieces. What, then, can they be? It is now pretty generally believed
that they are composed of multitudes of tiny bodies, each separate, and
circling separately round the great planet, as the asteroids circle
round the sun. As each one is detached from its neighbour and obeys its
own impulses, there is none of the strain and wrench there would be were
they all connected. According to the laws which govern planetary bodies,
those which are nearest to the planet will travel more quickly than
those which are further away. Of course, as we look at them from so
great a distance, and as they are moving, they appear to us to be
continuous. It is conjectured that the comparative darkness of the
inside ring is caused by the fact that there are fewer of the bodies
there to reflect the sunlight. Then, in addition to the rings, enough
themselves to distinguish him from all other planets, there are the ten
moons of richly-endowed Saturn to be considered. It is difficult to
gather much about these moons, on account of our great distance from
them. The largest is probably twice the diameter of our own moon. One of
them seems to be much brighter--that is to say, of higher reflecting
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