state councillors, appointed by the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang."), and Article 58 ("The Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang is vested with the power of interpreting this Provisional Constitution.") of the _Provisional Constitution_, and Article 10 ("The National Government has a President, twenty-four to thirty-six state councillors, a President and a Vice-President of every _Yüan_, appointed by the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang."), and Article 15 ("Before the promulgation of the Constitution, the Executive, Legislative, Judicial, Examination and Control _Yüan_ will each be responsible to the Central Executive Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang.") of the _Laws Governing the System of Organization of the National Government_ (December 30, Year XX [1931]) now being enforced, form the legal basis for party government.[5] [Footnote 3: I.e., Sun Yat-sen; Chung-shan was a revolutionary alias, which became a ceremonial posthumous name.] [Footnote 4: The term "Chinese Kuomintang" is not a redundancy; the original is _Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang_, "Central-Realm Realm-people-association," and could be translated as the Chinese Nationalist Populist Party, National Democratic Party, the Nation's People's Party, etc. Several Japanese organizations have had exceedingly similar names; hence the formal style for the Kuomintang is always prefaced by _China_.] [Footnote 5: Wang Shih-chieh, work cited, p. 649-50.] Under Kuomintang trusteeship, demands have been heard within and without the Party, for the promised abdication of the Party and for the initiation of popular government. Since the Kuomintang, unlike European one-party groups, established itself only for the formal purpose of democratic training, and was pledged to tolerate multi-party government as soon as possible, the continued monopoly of power was a frustration of the Party ideology and programs. The frustration was serious; involving much loss of popular sympathy for the government, this and appeasement rather demoralized the Party in the years preceding the invasion. THE DRAFT PERMANENT OR DOUBLE FIVE CONSTITUTION