The National Salvation Movement 175 The Third Party 178 The Chinese National Socialist Party 179 Social Democrats and _La Jeunesse_ 181 VII. GOVERNING INSTITUTIONS OF THE JAPANESE AND PRO-JAPANESE 183 The Japanese Army as a Chinese Government 185 The Problem of Puppet States 188 The Provisional and Reformed Governments 192 The Reorganized National Government of Wang Ch'ing-wei 197 VIII. EXTRA-POLITICAL FORCES 211 The Foundations of Chinese Government 212 Mass Education 214 Rural Reconstruction 218 The Chinese Industrial Cooperatives 223 Unorganized Pressure 234 IX. SUN YAT-SEN AND CHIANG K'AI-SHEK 239 Sun Yat-sen 240 The _San Min Chu I_ 250 Chiang K'ai-shek 254 Chinese Appraisals of Chiang 266 The Ideology of Chiang 269 CONCLUSION 273 The Chief Alternatives in China 274 The United States in Chinese Politics 277 APPENDICES PAGE APPENDIX I: GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 283 A. The Government Draft of the Proposed Constitution 283 B. The System of Organization of the National Congress 300 C. Act of the Legislative _Yüan_, April 31, XXVI (1937) Governing the Election of Representatives to the National Congress 302 D. The Program of Resistance and Reconstruction 309 E. An Outline of War-time Controlment 313 F. A Chart of the Control _Yüan_ from July 1937 to June 1940 318 G. Regulations Concerning the Organization of the Various Classifications of _Hsien_ 324 H. A Chart of Government Organization facing 330 APPENDIX II: DOCUMENTS ON PARTY POLITICS 331 A. A Chart on Kuomintang Organization facing 331 B. Constitution of the _San Min Chu I_ Youth Corps, Year XXVII (1938) 331