Comparatively few Chinese of the older generation seem to question the
existence of dragons or to doubt the marvelous powers usually
attributed to them. In view of this fact it is surprising to find how
ignorant is the average person who holds this belief when asked to give
an accurate description of the great creature. Perhaps this is not
strange, however, when we remember that there are apparently no books
which purport to give any complete account of the dragon. The
innumerable references to it in Chinese literature largely deal with
the dragon’s performances and say little about his appearance. In order
to make a satisfactory study of the dragon one must, therefore, follow
a tedious process of collecting, eliminating, and coördinating a
multitude of stories, proverbs, and incidents from history, and make a
careful study of selected pictures and carvings, and if possible secure
interviews with those who profess to have seen the great king of the
animal creation.
One writer, who is anxious to make intelligible to the average person
the accepted representation of the king of all created life below man,
describes the dragon in terms of animals with many of which we are
quite familiar. He says that it has the head of a camel, the horns of a
deer, the ears of a cow, the neck of a snake, the body of a fish, the
scales of a carp, the claws of an eagle, the eyes of a devil, and the
paws of a tiger.
The bodies of all dragons, we are informed, are symmetrically divided
into three sections of equal length, these divisions being from the
point of the nose to the shoulders, from the shoulders to the thighs,
and from the thighs to the tip of the tail.
The “Shoh Wen,” a book written during the Tang dynasty, says that the
dragon has the following marvelous powers: “It may cause itself to
become visible or invisible at will, and it can become long or short,
and coarse or fine, at its own good pleasure.” This wonderful
versatility, of course, makes it difficult for us to find any recorded
statement of the maximum length of this creature, since there is no
limit set for its expansion. Another book of the Tang dynasty helps out
a little, however, when it describes a certain dragon, which was found
dead, as having been over one hundred feet long, while other accounts
lead us to believe that the dragon at times assumes a size several
miles in length. The smallest size of which any statement has been
found was the length of a silkworm.
In color, dragons are differentiated as being red, yellow, blue, white,
or black. During the Manchu dynasty, yellow was the imperial color, and
the yellow or golden dragon was designated the imperial dragon. In the
preceding dynasty, the Ming dynasty, when red was the national color,
it is believed that the red dragon was proclaimed, by decree of the
emperor, the official dragon of the empire.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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