Paul says that his first appearance was to Peter. This contradicts all of the Evangelists. His next appearance, Paul declares, was to the twelve. But there were no twelve at this time; for Judas had deserted them and his successor had not been elected. Paul evidently knew nothing of the betrayal of Jesus by Judas. He says Jesus was seen by five hundred brethren at once. The Evangelists are all ignorant of this appearance, while the author of Acts states that there were but one hundred and twenty "brethren" in all, and even this number is considered too large by critics. He says that he appeared to James, an appearance of which the Evangelists know nothing. After this he states that he was seen of all the apostles. This is the only appearance mentioned by Paul which can be reconciled with any of the Evangelists, and this cannot be reconciled with all of them. "Last of all he was seen of me also." Paul's belief in the resurrection was based solely upon Jesus' supposed appearance to him; for the other alleged appearances he had rejected. Not until he imagined that he had seen Jesus did he believe that the disciples had seen him, and the appearance of Jesus to him, which occurred several years after the resurrection and ascension, is represented as an occurrence of exactly the same character as his appearances to the disciples. Paul's vision was clearly a delusion, and if so the other appearances, measured by Paul's criterion, were delusions also. The Rev. John W. Chadwick truly says: "Paul's witness to the resurrection is the ruin of the argument." 421 To whom did Jesus first appear? Matthew: To Mary Magdalene and the other Mary (xxviii, 1, 9). Mark and John: To Mary Magdalene alone (Mark xvi, 9; John xx, 14-18). Luke: To Cleopas and his companion (xxiv, 13-31). Paul: To Cephas (Peter) (1 Cor. xv, 5). 422 Where was Mary Magdalene when Jesus first appeared to her? John: At the sepulchre (xx, 11-14). Matthew: On her way home from the sepulchre (xxviii, 8, 9). 423 Did Mary know Jesus when he first appeared to her? Matthew: She did (xxviii, 9). John: "She ... knew not that it was Jesus" (xx, 14). 424 Was she permitted to touch him? Matthew: "They [Mary Magdalene and her companion] came and held him by the feet" (xxviii, 9). John: "Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not" (xx, 17). 425 Where did he appear to his disciples? Matthew: In Galilee. Luke: In Jerusalem.