The value and significance of Biblical Criticism 200 Relation between the Old Testament and the New Testament 201 I. The Pauline Epistles 203 The Tübingen view and later criticism 204 The Epistle to the Ephesians 204 II. The Acts of the Apostles 205 Evidences of trustworthiness 206 Harnack on the Lukan authorship 208 Harnack and Koch on the date 210 Did Luke use Josephus? 213 III. The Synoptic Problem 216 The Two-Document theory 217 Modifications of the theory by the assumption: (1) of a larger dependence on oral tradition 219 (2) of the use of Q by Mark 220 (3) of different editions of Mark 220 "Secondary elements" in Mark 221 Bearing of Harnack's early dating of the Lukan writings 225 The inter-Synoptic differences 226 IV. The Johannine Problem 227 Evidence for Apostolic authorship 228 Rejection of Apostolic authorship on the assumption: (1) that John never lived at Ephesus 230 (2) that there were two Johns at Ephesus 232 The partition theory 234 The internal evidence: style and contents of the Fourth Gospel 234 Relation to the Synoptic Gospels as supplementary, explanatory and independent 236 Concluding remarks 242 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RECENT IMPORTANT WORKS 244 INDEX 249 I What Is the Christian Faith? If every rational discussion, as Cicero has said, should begin with a definition, it would be well at the outset to try to answer the question which forms the title of this lecture. Of the definitions which may be given of the Christian Faith two may be selected as typical: (1) it is the faith in the providence and love of God which Jesus exercised and exemplified; or (2) it is the faith of which Jesus Himself is the object. In the one case the essence of Christianity will be found in the simple precepts of the Peasant-Prophet of Galilee, in the other in the developed Christology of the Apostle Paul. It is safe to say that the average Christian will not be satisfied with either of these definitions. He looks to Jesus, it is true, as his Teacher and Example, but he also trusts Him as his Redeemer and worships Him as his Lord. The real question at issue is whether original Christianity, the religion which Jesus taught, was thus inclusive of doctrine as well as ethics. Does Christianity in its essence include Christology? The attempt to answer this question will not only introduce our general theme but will bring us into the heart of it. It will be convenient to consider in order: I. The Christianity of the New Testament Writers; II. Primitive Christianity and Pauline Christianity; III. The Christianity of Jesus and of Paul; and IV. The Dilemma of Historical Criticism. I. THE CHRISTIANITY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT WRITERS