the right of the State to the service of its citizens when the public good requires it. The word _civil_ also signifies courteous, complaisant, gentle and obliging, well-bred, affable, kind. From this it will be seen that civil government depends upon the intelligence and righteousness of the people. The absence of all legal demands and all legal restraints would be the absence of all government. It would be libertinism or lawlessness. The great majority of men, from the earliest ages of the world to the present time, have been under the control of tyrants, and have known little exemption from despotic rule. There is not a single Pagan, Mahomedan, or anti-Christian country to-day in which the spirit of liberty has an abiding place. She may have brooded over them at intervals, but, like Noah’s bird, found no resting place. The influence of the Bible preventing the young, the mature, and the aged from crime, causing men and women to love and respect our humanity, is of necessity _to the same extent_ the very life of civil government, and consequently the life of civil liberty. It has been said the Bible is the great protector and guardian of the liberties of men. It was an axiom in an apostate church, that ignorance is the mother of devotion; but the true origin of this axiom is that ignorance which fastens the chains of civil and ecclesiastic despotism. It is not possible for a people thoroughly under the influence of the teachings of the religion of Christ to be ignorant of their own rights and the responsibility of their rulers. Where the teachings of Christ and the Bible form public opinion the people must be free. No such tyrant as Caligula or Nero would be tolerated in Protestant Christendom. The necessary effect of Christianity upon an abused people is to make them restless under a tyrant’s yoke. The author of Travels in England, France, Spain and the Barbary States, although an enemy to the Bible, said, after leaving the Barbary States and arriving in France, I could breathe more freely. I no longer looked upon my fellow men with distrust, and I thanked God that I was once more in a Christian land. When we survey the history of past events and kingdoms we, too, find good reasons to thank the Lord for a Christian land. The only authoritative history of remote events and kingdoms is in the writings of Moses and the Prophets. In the times of Moses there were no historical records in Greece, Chaldea, Phoenicia, Egypt or Assyria. No other historian lived so remote as Moses. He was five hundred years before Sanconiathan, and more than a thousand years before Manetho. He has been called the _father of history_. Men have claimed that astronomical calculations carry us farther back, but this claim has been successfully refuted by the calculations of Bedford. There is a fact upon record in Gillie’s history of Greece that confirms Bedford’s calculations. This man says: After Alexander conquered Babylon he eagerly demanded the