The Christiana Riot and the Treason Trials of 1851: An Historical SketchHensel, W. U. (William Uhler)
History
The Christiana Riot and the Treason Trials of 1851: An Historical Sketch
Hensel, W. U. (William Uhler)
Christiana (Pa.) -- History; Riots -- Pennsylvania -- Christiana
In 1850 it was alleged that an innocent and free colored hired man
named Henry Williams had been seized without right or legal process
and sold into perpetual slavery South. William Dorsey had been taken
from his wife and three children and lodged in the jail at Lancaster.
A gang of three, who tried to take a maid servant from Moses Whitson’s
across the line in Chester County, were forcibly resisted by a lot of
colored men under the lead of Ben. Whipper. The girl was rescued and
her captors terribly, if not fatally, beaten on the Gap hill. A negro
known as “Tom-up-in-the-barn,” living near Gap, was said to have been
captured one morning on his way to thresh at Caleb Brinton’s, and never
got back. The barn of Lindley Coates, in Sadsbury township, was burned
in 1850 by miscreants angered at his denunciation of slave catchers and
kidnappers.
[Illustration: “RETREAT FARM.” HOME OF THE GORSUCHES.]
It was also related that an industrious negro fence-maker had been
violently carried off from his home on John McGowen’s place in the
valley, near Mars Hill, between Christiana and Quarryville. The
narrator of this (Forbes’ “True Story”) does not tell whether the
man was free or a fugitive slave; and to his outraged neighbors this
distinction made little difference.
The incident of most note occurring in the immediate neighborhood,
the influence of which lasted longest, the feeling about which was
most acute, and which figured largely in the “Treason Trials” was
what was stigmatized as “the outrage at Chamberlain’s.” Its scene was
on the “Buck hill,” in the northwestern part of Sadsbury township,
on what is now known as the “Todd place,” west of the back road from
Gap to Christiana and in what was a sort of middle ground between the
operations of the “Gap gang” and the refuge territory of the fugitives.
Here in March 1851 a posse, claimed to be led by a rather notorious
member of the “Gap gang,” entered the Chamberlain house, severely beat
a colored man named John Williams employed there, who made desperate
resistance, terrified the members of the family, and carried off their
bleeding victim in a wagon. It seems he was an escaped slave; but his
captors exhibited no official warrant of arrest nor made any claim of
authority except to declare they were acting for his master. It was
believed he died from their ill treatment of him.
And there were reprisals! William Parker--of whom this narrative will
have more to say--admitted years afterwards that he had helped to beat,
fatally he believed, the captors of a colored girl; that he had tried
to kill Allen Williams on suspicion that he had betrayed Henry; that
he recaptured a kidnapped man on the West Chester road, after shooting
at his captors and being himself shot in the ankle; and that he and
his associates went to the home of a decoy negro, burned it down and
watched to shoot him with smooth-bore rifles “heavily charged” if the
flames drove him into the open.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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