of the fifteenth century, and at the same time the literary relations which existed between Portugal, France, and other countries at the end of the Middle Ages.]--S. See Martins, _Os Filhos de D. João I_, chs. i, iv, v, vi.] [Endnote 134: (p. 169). _Pero Allemain, etc._--See p. 55 of this Chronicle, on Balthasar, an undoubted German of the "household of the Emperor."] [Endnote 135: (p. 173). _Directions from the Lord Infant._--These seem to have been rather vague for purposes of exploration, and are differently given by _Gomez Pirez_ (p. 173). See text of this version pp. 95, 173, etc., and next note.] [Endnote 136: (p. 174). _River of Nile._--[Compare this passage with our remarks in the notes to chs. liii, xxxii, xv, and xiii, about the true plans of the illustrious Infant, author of these discoveries. These passages reveal to us, in spite of the brevity of the Chronicler, the intention and the system of the Prince in relation to these expeditions. It is clear that he desired not only to discover those countries, but above all to obtain information from the natives themselves of the interior of Africa, in order to compare it with the scientific, historical, and geographical ideas of antiquity and of the Middle Ages, with a view of prosecuting his discoveries till the East was reached. Thus, Garcia de Resende says, with good reason (_Chronicle of the King D. John II_, ch. cliv), when treating of the discovery of the Congo, made twenty-five years after the death of the Infant:--"In the year 1485, the King desiring the discovery of India and Guinea, which the Infant D. Henry, his uncle, first among all the Princes of Christendom, commenced,..."]--S. What Gomez Pirez says here implicitly contradicts Lançarote's statement, p. 172; see note 135.] [Endnote 137: (p. 174). _The terrestrial Paradise._--[We call the attention of the reader to this passage, in itself very interesting, especially because the words of Alvaro de Freitas indicate beyond doubt a certain geographical idea as to the situation of the terrestrial Paradise agreeing with the cosmographical knowledge of the Middle Ages, and as to the distance at which they found themselves from those delicious parts of the world.