[29] It was based on a passage in the commentaries of Jerome Cardan. Cardan, in a calculation of the horoscope of Edward VI., amidst much astrological rubbish relates, on hearsay, his authority being the Bishop of Lisieux, that seventy-two thousand criminals had perished by the executioner in the reign of Henry VIII.--Froude, iii. 227. [30] Froude. [31] Stowe’s ‘Survey,’ p. 72. [32] Fabian’s ‘Chronicle.’ [33] ‘Maitland,’ i. 226. [34] Cromwell’s house was in the city in Throgmorton Street, close to the site of the monastic house of the Austin Friars. [35] This Benedict Spinola must have been an Italian with some influence. His personal relations with Burghley are manifest from a letter of congratulation sent by him to Burghley on the safe arrival of the Earl of Oxford at Milan. Other more or less confidential matters are mentioned in connection with Pasqual and Jacob Spinola, Benedict’s brothers. [36] Vol. iv. pp. 6, 7. [37] Of these ten friars of the Charterhouse sent to Newgate, Froude says “nine died of prison fever and filth, the tenth survivor was executed.” Secretary Bedyll, writing to Cromwell concerning them, says, “It shall please your lordship to understand that the monks of the Charterhouse here in London, which were committed to Newgate for their traitorous behaviour long time continued against the king’s Grace, be almost despatched by the hand of God, as may appear, to you by the bill enclosed.” [38] ‘Foxe,’ v. 180. [39] ‘Foxe,’ v. 451. [40] ‘Foxe,’ vi. 612. [41] ‘Foxe,’ vii. 684. [42] ‘Harleian Miscell.’ [43] Friday continued the day of horse-market until the closing of Smithfield as a market for live cattle. [44] The bell which was rung at mass on the elevation of the host. [45] Clink prison. [46] State Papers. [47] Stowe, who adds: “note that gaolers buying their offices will deal hardly with pitiful prisoners.” [48] Before Dios? See p. 90. [49] The priests were subject to espionage even beyond the limits of the realm. A deposition is given in the State Papers made by one Arthur Saul, a prisoner in Newgate, to the effect that he had been employed by Secretary Winwood and the Archbishop of Canterbury to report what English were at Douay College, particulars of priests who have returned to England, of their meeting-places and conveyance of letters. “One of them,” it is added, “helped four recusants to escape from Newgate.” [50] Chief of the Jesuits in England, afterwards executed (1608). [51] “On the Queen’s day ten were taken at mass in Newgate.”--State Papers, 1602. [52] This is beyond explanation. [53] Without paying gaoler’s fees. [54] There was a keeper and a deputy: the latter was resident, and did most of the work. [55] Calendar, “The prisoners of Newgate’s condemnation,” declaring every verdict of the whole Bench at the Sessions House in the Old Bailey. April 22, 1642. [56] The Jack Ketch of the period. [57] See _ante_, p. 113.