"There are also those who have the audacity to declare that the supreme authority given by Jesus Christ to the Apostolic See is subject to the secular authorities," which means that the pope is the real head of the nation as well as of the church and that she will not obey any man-made constitutions. "_Our predecessor_ of blessed memory, Gregory XVI, described as a madness[C] the doctrine of liberty of conscience and of worship," which means that with the Catholic church in power there will be only one church. Then the encyclical proceeds to enumerate the errors which all Catholics condemn: [C] _De délire._ Error XVIII. To say that Protestantism is a branch of the true Christian church, and that a Protestant could be as pleasing to God as a Catholic. Error XXI. That the Catholic church has no right to call itself the only true church. Error XXIV. That the church has no right to resort to force. Error XXVII. That the holy ministers of the church have no right to interfere in matters temporal (this proves the charge that the Catholic church is in politics). Error XXXVI. That there can be state churches in any country other than the Catholic church. Error XLVII. That the schools should be independent of the authority of the church. Error LV. That the state ought to be separated from the church.[D] [D] _Encyclique Addresseé par N. S. P. Le Pope Pie IX._ For the sake of brevity we have not translated the above passages in their entirety, but their _meaning_ has not been sacrificed to brevity. There is much in the passages quoted to make every lover of free institutions to ponder over seriously and long.