4. =The Sleep, or (later) Assumption, of the Virgin= (Aug. 15) appears in the West about the same time as the _Annunciation_ and the _Nativity of the Virgin_. All three were unknown to Gregory the Great. It originated in the East, and was there known as the Sleep and (afterwards) the Translation. According to the historian, Nicephorus Callistus, the festival was founded by the Emperor Maurice (A.D. 582-602). It is beyond our province here to deal with the legend of St Mary’s body as well as soul being taken up to heaven. The festival made its way slowly in Gaul, but was eventually adopted by Charlemagne. As late as the twelfth century it was not universally observed in the East. The advance in the titles of the festival from _depositio_, _pausatio_, _dormitio_ to _transitus_ and _assumptio_ is not without significance. In Bede the name is _Dormitio_. It will be observed that all these four festivals came to Rome from Byzantium. In the later mediaeval period they were of universal obligation in the West[78]. For notices of the observance of the death of St Mary on Jan. 18, see Baillet, _op. cit._, VI. 11. 5. =The Presentation of St Mary= (_praesentatio_, _illatio_, _oblatio_) in the Temple at Jerusalem. In the modern Roman Kalendar at Nov. 21, it is a ‘greater double.’ It does not appear in the Kalendar of the Sarum Breviary or Missal; but the _Sarum Enchiridion_ (1530) gives Nov. 21, and the Office is printed in the Breviary. There were many exceptions to this feast being observed[79]. The festival is based on a legend[80] that at an early age Mary was dedicated to the service of God in the Temple, and that there she grew up, and served under the priests and Levites. The first appearance of the festival is at Constantinople; and there is evidence for it there in A.D. 1150. It passed to the West towards the close of the fourteenth century[81]. And with more certainty than is usually possible in such enquiries we can trace its introduction to the impression made by the accounts, brought back from Cyprus, by Philip de Mazières, of the solemnities of the feast in the East. Pius V (A.D. 1566-1572) withdrew it from the Roman Kalendar; but it was restored by Sixtus V (A.D. 1585-1590). 6. =The Conception of St Mary= (Dec. 8). Since Dec. 8, 1854, when Pius IX (in the Apostolic Letters _Ineffabilis Deus_) decreed the doctrine of the _Immaculate Conception_ to be a necessary article of the Faith, the epithet _Immaculate_ has been prefixed to the original title in the service-books of the Roman Communion. In the Greek Church the day observed is Dec. 9, and the title is the _Conception of St Anna, grandmother of God_, the Easterns connecting the word ‘conception’ with the person who conceived, while the Latins connected it with the person who was conceived. The festival was commanded to be observed throughout the Empire of the East by the Emperor Manuel Comnenus in the middle of the twelfth century.