So far the growth of the Kalendar was the outcome of natural and
spontaneous feeling. But at a later time we have manifest indications of
artificial constructiveness, the laboured studies of the cloister, and
the work of professional martyrologists and Kalendar-makers. To take,
for the purpose of illustration, an extreme case, it is obvious that the
assignment of days in the Kalendar of the Eastern Church to Trophimus,
Sosipater and Erastus, Philemon and Archippus, Onesimus, Agabus, Rufus,
Asyncretus, Phlegon, Hermas, the woman of Samaria (to whom the name
Photina was given), and other persons whose names occur in the New
Testament, is the outcome of deliberate and elaborate constructiveness.
The same is true of the days of Old Testament Patriarchs and Prophets,
once, in a measure, a feature of Western, as they are still of Eastern
Kalendars. But even all the festivals of our Lord, save the Pascha,
though doubtless suggested by a spontaneous feeling of reverence, could
be assigned to particular days of the year only after some processes of
investigation and inference, or of conjecture. Whether the birthday of
the Founder of the Christian religion should be placed on January 6 or
on December 25 was a matter of debate and argument. Commentators on the
history of the Gospels, the conjectures of interpreters of Old Testament
prophecy, and such information as might be fancied to be derivable from
ancient annals, had of necessity to be considered. The assignment of the
feast of the Nativity to a particular day was a product of the reflective
and constructive spirit.
It is not absolutely impossible that ancient tradition, if not actual
record, may be the source of June 29 being assigned for the martyrdom
of St Peter and St Paul; but a more probable origin of the date is that
it marks the translation of relics. Certainly the days of most of the
Apostles (considered as the days of their martyrdoms) have little or no
support from sources that have any claim to be regarded as historical.
They find their places but gradually, and, it would seem, as the result
of a resolve that none of them should be forgotten.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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