No Easter cycle yet devised is free from errors, which have to be met
by adjustments; but the Cycle of Hippolytus was such that the errors
accumulated rapidly. It was more than two days wrong at the end of the
first sixteen years; and five days wrong at the end of the second cycle;
at the end of the third cycle it would be nine days wrong[154]. This
must have been soon discovered; and the cycle had to be discarded. It is
the earliest Easter cycle known to us.
A cycle on the same lines as that of Hippolytus, which has been (probably
incorrectly) attributed to St Cyprian, will be found in Fell’s edition
of Cyprian (1682), among the works commonly assigned to that writer. By
whomsoever it was composed it is ushered in with a great flourish of
trumpets, and the author feels sure that he has been led by nothing short
of divine inspiration to the discovery. These Tables can be assigned to
A.D. 243. One cannot but suspect that the author had got hold of the
Hippolytean Tables before their worthlessness was discovered.
Such seem to have been the best efforts of the learning of Western
Christendom in the third century to deal with the Paschal problem. Nor
at this period was the Church of Alexandria, which at a later date
became the paramount authority on such questions, any better equipped.
Dionysius, about the middle of the third century, justly styled by
Eusebius ‘the great bishop of Alexandria,’ made use of the eight-year
cycle, which, like its variant, the sixteen-year cycle, gathered error
rapidly.
It was, however, another distinguished Alexandrian, more than a quarter
of a century later, who was the first, so far as we know, to make use
of the old nineteen-year cycle for the determination of Easter. This
was Anatolius, a native of Alexandria, and eminent for learning of
various kinds (among which arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy are
particularised), who became bishop of Laodicea in Syria Prima in A.D.
270. The nineteen-year cycle, with some modifications, eventually, though
slowly, displaced all rivals[155].
II. _The Council of Nicaea and the Easter Controversy._
We may pass on now to the consideration of the determinations on this
question arrived at by the Council of Nicaea.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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