After the Council of Nicaea, although the Quartodeciman practice lingered
on among unorthodox sectaries, the differences among Catholics were in
the main confined to such questions as, When was the equinox? and What
Tables should be used for predicting the Sunday which should be observed
as Easter Day? The Synod of Antioch in A.D. 341 (can. 1) could now
make bold to advance a step beyond the Oecumenical Council, and enacted
a canon pronouncing excommunication against any who acted contrary to
the command of the great and holy Synod assembled at Nicaea regarding
the Pascha[160]. In principle the Church was united; but there were
differences in the application of the principle. In A.D. 444, and eleven
years later, in A.D. 455, Pope Leo the Great was in perplexity as to the
day upon which Easter should be kept. In A.D. 444 he wrote to Cyril of
Alexandria on the subject. The answer he received was that the proper
day was not March 26 (as the Latins would make it) but April 23. In
A.D. 455 Leo was much moved by finding that the Alexandrian computists
had given April 24 for Easter Day, while those at Rome had assigned
the festival to April 17, a week earlier. The matter seemed to him of
sufficient importance to justify his writing to Marcianus, Emperor of the
East, whom he now besought to intervene, and direct the Alexandrians not
to name April 24, declaring that so late a date was beyond the ancient
Paschal limits. Leo also wrote on the same subject to the learned and
once beautiful Eudocia Augusta, who, though now spending her old age
in retirement and devotion at Jerusalem, was not without influence in
church affairs. The Emperor had enquiries made among certain bishops of
the East and communicated with the Alexandrians. The result was that
the observance of April 24 was reaffirmed, and the bishop of Rome
reluctantly submitted for the sake of peace[161].
The account of the matter lies in the fact that while the Alexandrians
had long before adopted the Paschal limits that still continue to rule
our Easter, that is, from March 22 to April 25, the Latins, though at
this date accepting the prior limit, hesitated as to the later, because
the Easter Tables then in use among them had placed the later Paschal
limit on April 23.
The position of authority conceded to the Church of Alexandria on the
question as to the date of the Pascha was due to the acknowledged
learning and skill of the astronomers and mathematicians of that city in
matters of chronology and the computation of time. It was the practice of
the bishop of Alexandria, as early at least as the middle of the third
century, to issue what were styled ‘Festal Letters’ or, at a later date,
‘Paschal Letters,’ commonly of the nature of a homily on the religious
lessons of the Paschal season, with an announcement as to the date of the
next Pascha. These letters were commonly issued by the bishop a year in
advance, and were sent by special messengers to his comprovincial bishops.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account