[132] Can. 8 (Labbe xi. 274). It is to be observed that in the Leofric Missal, of much earlier date, the Ember days are noted as falling in the first week of Lent; in the week of Pentecost; in the full week before the autumnal equinox; and in the full week before the Nativity. [133] The study of the Martyrologies of Bede, Florus, Ado, and Usuard has been recently approached in the true scientific spirit by Dom Henri Quentin, of Solesmes. Manuscripts in the various libraries of Europe have been examined and classified, and the sources of the entries traced in most cases with great success. See this writer’s _Les Martyrologes historiques du moyen age_ (1908). [134] _Med. Æv. Kal._ I. 397-420. [135] [On these terms see Ducange, _Glossarium_, s.v. _Festum_; Addis and Arnold, _Catholic Dictionary_, art. ‘Festival.’ Edd.] [136] The classification of festivals in the Kalendars of Germany with Tyrol, Holland, Denmark, and Scandinavia, as printed by Grotefend, varies much. We find such terms as ‘Triplex’ as well as ‘Duplex’ (Breslau); ‘Duplex compositum’ (Utrecht); ‘ix Psalmorum’ (Metz); ‘Bini’ (_i.e._ bini chori) at Salzburg; ‘Festa Prelatorum,’ ‘Festa Canonicorum,’ ‘Festa vicariorum’ (Roskilde); ‘Summum’ and ‘semi-summum’ (Erfurt), and many forms that are unfamiliar to English students. [137] For further observations on the Kalendars of the Church of England and of Churches in communion with it see Appendix III. [138] See Quentin’s _Les Martyrologes historiques_, pp. 27, 28. [139] For details see Baillet, _Les Vies des Saints_, tom. I, in his _Discours_, pp. xxxiii.-xxxix. [140] In the recently discovered _Testament of the Lord_, the word ‘Pascha’ is used for the season preceding Easter, even as ‘Pentecost’ is used for the season of fifty days preceding Whitsunday. [141] _Gute Freitag_ is found occasionally in the German Church Orders of the Reformation Period. [142] In Greek writers τεσσαρεσκαιδεκατῖται. [For a full discussion of the whole question, with reference to the authorities, see V. H. Stanton, _The Gospels as Historical Documents_, Part I., pp. 173-197. Edd.] [143] See Eusebius, _H.E._ v. 24, where the full context scarcely leaves a doubt that παρεχώρησεν τὴν εὐχαριστίαν must be understood in the sense that Anicetus yielded the place of celebrant to Polycarp. [144] _H.E._ v. 24. [145] We do not enter upon the discussion of the question whether he actually proceeded to the length of a formal excommunication. In certain of his letters he undoubtedly spoke of them as ἀκοινωνήτους. Euseb. _H.E._ v. 24. [146] _Ibid._ [147] See the discussion by Bp Maclean, _Ancient Church Orders_ (in the present series), p. 149 f. [148] Lib. V. c. 7. [149] See p. 117. [150] See p. 118 f. [151] _H.E._ VI. 22. [152] Lagarde, _Analecta Syriaca_, p. 89. [153] See Dr George Salmon’s article on ‘Hippolytus Romanus’ in Smith and Wace’s _Dictionary of Christian Biography_.