The Circus, and Other Essays and Fugitive PiecesKilmer, Joyce
History
The Circus, and Other Essays and Fugitive Pieces
Kilmer, Joyce
American essays; Literature -- History and criticism
Now, there have been attempts to make a sonnet the vehicle of a
narrative; these attempts have seldom been successful. A sonnet is
descriptive and interpretative in theme, and it must give at the very
least two aspects of interpretations of the emotion, idea, or object
with which it deals. One of these must be in the octave and the other in
the sestet. Sometimes the idea is merely expressed or described in the
octave, and explained in the sestet, sometimes the idea in the octave
suggests a different idea in the sestet--the point to remember is that
there must be a change in the thought marked by the beginning of the
sonnet's ninth line.
This we see admirably illustrated in Austin Dobson's "Don Quixote." In
the first four lines we have a graphic picture of the mad knight of La
Mancha, and a statement of the effect this vision has upon those who are
wise in this world. But the very first words of the sestet show the
development in the thought. The poet ceases to describe, instead he
expresses emotion, he expresses his pity, his sympathy, his admiration
for Don Quixote, and his wish that the knight might find a successor in
our own day. The octave has its climax and the sestet has its climax,
and the two sections of the poem are related by the continuity of
thought, and divided by the contrast of ideas.
This type of sonnet was called by Watts-Dunton the sonnet of flow and
ebb--the significance of this term being that the thought flowed to the
end of the octave and ebbed from that point to the close of the sestet.
Commenting on this John Addington Symonds wrote: "The striking
metaphorical symbol drawn from the observation of the swelling and
declining wave can even in some examples be applied to sonnets on the
Shakespearean model; for, as a wave may fall gradually or abruptly, so
the sonnet may sink with stately volume or with precipitate subsidence
to its close."
For a verse-maker to give his sonnet this requisite flow and ebb of
idea, and keep at the same time his rhyme scheme accurate is no easy
matter. And the very difficulty of the form is a strong argument in
favor of its frequent use by novices in versification. If you can write
a sonnet that is technically correct, you need fear none of the
difficulties that any other kind of verse-making will present. The
accuracy and condensation, the concentration of thought, the
straight-forwardness of statement, which are the distinguishing marks of
the well-turned sonnet are the most valuable tools which a verse writer
can have. In writing, as well as he can, one sonnet, the verse-maker
will learn more than he could learn in writing half a dozen ballads or
twenty volumes full of unrhymed free verse.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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