The City of God, Volume IIAugustine, of Hippo, Saint
ReligionChristian
The City of God, Volume II
Augustine, of Hippo, Saint
Apologetics -- Early works to 1800; Kingdom of God -- Early works to 1800
They say that this happy life is also social, and loves the advantages
of its friends as its own, and for their sake wishes for them what it
desires for itself, whether these friends live in the same family,
as a wife, children, domestics; or in the locality where one's home
is, as the citizens of the same town; or in the world at large, as
the nations bound in common human brotherhood; or in the universe
itself, comprehended in the heavens and the earth, as those whom they
call gods, and provide as friends for the wise man, and whom we more
familiarly call angels. Moreover, they say that, regarding the supreme
good and evil, there is no room for doubt, and that they therefore
differ from the New Academy in this respect, and they are not concerned
whether a philosopher pursues those ends which they think true in
the Cynic dress and manner of life or in some other. And, lastly, in
regard to the three modes of life, the contemplative, the active, and
the composite, they declare in favour of the third. That these were
the opinions and doctrines of the Old Academy, Varro asserts on the
authority of Antiochus, Cicero's master and his own, though Cicero
makes him out to have been more frequently in accordance with the
Stoics than with the Old Academy. But of what importance is this to
us, who ought to judge the matter on its own merits, rather than to
understand accurately what different men have thought about it?
4. _What the Christians believe regarding the supreme good and
evil, in opposition to the philosophers, who have maintained
that the supreme good is in themselves._
If, then, we be asked what the city of God has to say upon these
points, and, in the first place, what its opinion regarding the
supreme good and evil is, it will reply that life eternal is the
supreme good, death eternal the supreme evil, and that to obtain
the one and escape the other we must live rightly. And thus it is
written, "The just lives by faith,"[623] for we do not as yet see
our good, and must therefore live by faith; neither have we in
ourselves power to live rightly, but can do so only if He who has
given us faith to believe in His help do help us when we believe and
pray. As for those who have supposed that the sovereign good and
evil are to be found in this life, and have placed it either in the
soul or the body, or in both, or, to speak more explicitly, either
in pleasure or in virtue, or in both; in repose or in virtue, or in
both; in pleasure and repose, or in virtue, or in all combined; in
the primary objects of nature, or in virtue, or in both,--all these
have, with a marvellous shallowness, sought to find their blessedness
in this life and in themselves. Contempt has been poured upon such
ideas by the Truth, saying by the prophet, "The Lord knoweth the
thoughts of men" (or, as the Apostle Paul cites the passage, "The
Lord knoweth the thoughts of the _wise_") "that they are vain."[624]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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